336 
Part III — Tenth Annual Eepori 
on the operations in fish-breeding, it is stated that 90,213,000 fish-fry, 
bred at the various hatcheries, were distributed in Canadian waters in the 
course of the year ; making a grand total since the beginning of these 
operations in 1868 of 799,757,900 young fish. Of the output last year, 
42,525,000 were white fish, 22,000,000 pickerel, and 9,861,000 Atlantic 
salmon (Salmo salar). Reports are given detailing the operations at each 
of the thirteen hatcheries. Mr Wilmot gives a very interesting report on 
the measures being taken in Canada in connection with the artificial pro- 
pagation of the lobster. After visiting the hatchery in Newfoundland, 
he selected a site at Bay View, Pictou County, Northumberland Strait, 
Nova Scotia. The ground was purchased, and the erection of the 
hatchery begun, and the whole establishment was to be in readiness for 
work in May of the present year. The cost of the hatchery and appur- 
tenances is estimated at 5000 dols., and the annual cost of upkeep at 
1500 dols. The hatchery is in proximity to lobster-canning factories, 
and thus an abundance of lobster ova may be obtained. Mr Wilmot 
calculates that at eight factories in the neighbourhood 35,157 berried 
females are captured daily, carrying about 703,140,000 eggs. The num- 
ber of ova consigned to the boiling vats of the canneries, in violation of 
the law, is said to be about 17,578,500,000 during the short season of 
two months at these eight factories alone. And since there are some 500 
canning factories on the shores of the maritime provinces, at which the 
same method seems to be practised, it is clear the destruction of lobster 
ova is enormous. Mr Wilmot gives the results of an examination of a 
number of lobsters, with tables, with the view of determining the limit of 
size between mature and immature females; and recommends (1) the 
enforcement of close-time; (2) the prohibition of killing undersized 
lobsters ; (3) the licensing of all lobster trappers and packers under cer- 
tain conditions. Complaint is made of an invasion of packers from the 
United States, who can lobsters on the Canadian coasts, and put them on. 
the markets under trade-marks which represent them to be of United 
States origin. The Report also contains a paper on the salmon fisheries 
of the Bay des Chaleurs, with plans of nets, fish ladders, &c. 
III. NEWFOUNDLAND, 
By Adolf Nielsen, Superintendent of Fisheries. 
Newfoundland possesses some of the finest fisheries in the world ; its 
fauna is well adapted for resorts of vast quantities of food fishes, and its 
splendid, pure, and saline waters around the coast yield abundance of food 
for all kinds of marine fishes. The mainstay of the colony is the 
fisheries, in which 57,622 men are engaged out of the total population — 
193,124. The principal fisheries are the cod, the seal, the lobster, the 
herring, the salmon, and trout fishery, among which the cod fishery is by 
far the most important, and yields about three-parts of the entire returns 
of all the fisheries in value. This fishery is here divided into three dis- 
tinct fisheries: — The shore, the bank, and the Labrador fishery. The 
shore fishery is prosecuted in the grand bays of Newfoundland and off 
the shore from boats (skiffs) with hook and line, jiggers, bultows, cod- 
nets, cod-seines, and cod-traps ; the bank fishery mainly with bultows 
from vessels, after the American principle, on the great banks of New- 
foundland ; and the Labrador fishery on the coast of Labrador from Blank 
Sablon in the Straits of Belle Island, and as far north as Nain, latitude 
56° 32' 30", with hook and line, cod-seines and cod-traps. A few New- 
foundlanders also prosecute the cod, herring, aud salmon fishery in 
