GROWTH AND MATURITY OF SALMON IN THE OCEAN 
75 
ing adults. It may well, indeed, have been too great even before the outside fishing 
developed, in which case the new fishery is especially dangerous. 
The intensity of fishing could, of course, be reduced by increasing restrictions on 
the gear used in the river, but this is hardly reasonable, since the outside fishery was 
the last to develop. It has further been shown that the outside fishing is uneconomi- 
cal in that it takes the fish at a time when they are of poor quality and are much 
smaller than they would be at maturity, and that it is especially and subtly dangerous 
because it not only increases greatly the intensity of fishing but attacks the supply of 
fish one or two years before they become mature. 
It is quite possible that these reasons are insufficient ones on which to base a 
legal restriction of this newly developed fishery, but if the run in the Columbia 
River- is to be maintained we may be certain of one thing — if the outside fishing is not 
restricted, it will be a matter of a relatively short time only before the fishing in the 
river itself will have to be limited proportionally so as to supply the deficiency of 
spawning fish which is certain to result from the increased intensity of fishing caused 
by the development of trolling and purse seining. Efforts have been made to have 
restrictive legislation passed by the State legislatures of Oregon and Washington, but 
so far these efforts have met with only partial success. If it shovdd prove impossible 
to prevent outside fishing entirely, it would seem desirable to limit such fishing to 
the latter part of the fishing season. This, at least, would reduce the number of 
immature fish taken, would tend to improve the quality of the pack, and woidd 
minimize to some extent the danger of seriously depleting the supply of fish before 
some indication of the imminence of such depletion has become apparent. 
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES 
Table 16. — Constants for each frequency distribution, Columbia River collections 
[F, female; M, male; S.D, standard deviation] 
COLLECTIONS MADE INSIDE THE RIVEK 
Locality and date 
Type of 
nucleus 
Year 
class 
Sex 
Num- 
ber 
Length in centimeters 
Mean 
S. D. 
Logarithm of egg diameter 
Mean 
S. D. 
1. Ilwaco, May 10, 1919. 
2. Astoria ,May 13, 1919. 
Ocean_. 
Stream. 
Ocean. 
3. Seufert,0reg.,Mayl6,1919 
Stream. 
Stream. 
F.... 
M... 
F... 
Both 
M... 
F... 
Both 
M... 
M... 
M... 
F... 
Both 
M... 
M... 
F... 
Both 
M... 
F..., 
Both 
M... 
M... 
F.... 
Both. 
M... 
F.... 
Both. 
2 
2 
5 
7 
36 
41 
28 
69 
6 
12 
18 
1 
74 
77 
151 
10 
22 
32 
83. 00 
83. 95 
80. 87 
82. 45±0. 49 
95. 00 
91. 80 
92. 70 
00 
00 
00 
00 
86 
67± . 53 
73± . 61 
85± . 60 
59± . 46 
66 
64 
00 
00 
75. 00± 
74. 74± 
74. 87± 
96.80 
93. 64± 
94. 62± 
4. 15±0. 34 
4. 70± 
6. 80± 
4. 74± 
6. 64± 
6. 28± . 29 
4. 40± . 24 
4. 86d= . 19 
4. 24± . 43 
4. 72d= . 40 
.531 
.'582' 
.574 
. 498±0. 0075 
0. 0598±0. 0054 
. 5713±. 0039 
. 0602± . 0027 
. 6718±. 0062 
. 0430± . 0044 
