14 
THE YALLET 2ST JLTHXE^-AJIjIST- 
FAME. 
BY PHILLIPS THOMPSON. 
What is lame?" I asked a youth. 
" J Tis the poet's inspiration ; 
'Tis the patriot's just reward ; 
Whets the edge of warrior's sword. 
Welcome danger, toil, privation, 
So I might but write thy name 
High upon the roll of fame." 
«' What is fame? " I asked a sage; 
And he smiled with pregnant meaning ; 
" 'Tis a bubble— 'tis a breath- 
Phantom Are that lights to death ! 
Aftermath of tardiest yield, 
Garnered on life's harvest- field, 
Stripped of all that's worth the gleaning." 
" What is fame? " I asked a man 
Worldly-wise; thus his advising: 
" Worship not yet scorn not fame, 
'Tis the echoing of your name ; 
But a breath— yet fills your sails ; 
Fire to boil your pot avails. 
Fame is— gratis advertising ! " 
— [Boston Traveler. 
The JLepidoptera of Bastrop Coun- 
ty, Texas, as Observed During the 
Years 1867-77. 
[Aegeriadce, Zygacnidce, Sphingidoi and 
Bombycidce.'] 
BY L. HEILIGBRODT, BASTROP, TEXAS. 
(Paper No. 2.) 
Abbreviations: v. c. very common; c. com- 
mon ; n. c. not common: r. rare ; v. r. very 
rare. Those species which are marked very 
common and part of those marked common 
constitute an essential feature of the insect 
fauna of this part of Texas. 
Aegeria cucurbitce, Harr. r. 
Alypia S-mavulata, Fabr. r. 
Amphion nesstts, Cram . v. r. 
Ghcerocampa tersa, Linn. n. c. 
Ctenucha venosa, Walk. v. c. 
Cydosia aurivitta, G. & R. r. 
" nobilitella, Cram. v. r. 
Darapsa myron, Cram. n. c. 
Deilephila lineata, Fabr. c. 
Dolba hylacuSj Drury. r. 
Erinnyis ello, Huebn. r. 
" " meriance, Grote. v. r. 
Euscirrhopterus bfloveri, G. & R. r. 
Lycomorpha pholus, Drury. n. c. 
Macrosila Carolina, Linn. c. 
" cingulata, Fabr. r. 
" b-maculata, Steph. c. 
" rustica, Cram. r. 
Pachyliajicus, Merian. r, 
Philampelus Linnei, G. & R. r. 
" pandorus, Huebn. r. 
Psychomorpha epimenis, Drury. c. 
Scepsis fulvicollis, Huebn. n. c. 
JSmerinthus juglandis, Smith, v. r. 
" mbdesta, Harr. v. r. 
Sphinx plebcia, Fabr.' r. 
Actias lima. Linn. r. 
Anisota Heiiigbrodti, Garvey. v. r. 
u sanatoria, Sm. Abb." n. c. 
Arctias dione, Fabr. n. c. 
, " figurata, Drury, r. 
" phyllira, Drury. r. 
" virgo, Linn. h. c. 
Cattimorpha clymene, Esp, v. c. 
Cistht ne subjecta, Walk. c. 
Citheronia r eg alis, Huebn. v. r. 
Glisiocampa decipiens, Walk. n. c. 
" sylvatica, Harr. n. c. 
Grocota ferru'ginosa, Walk. c. 
Daiana aurora, Sm. Abb. v. r. 
Deiopeia aiirea, Fitch, r. 
bella, Drury. c. 
omatrix, Drury. r. 
Eacles imperialis, Drury. r. 
Ecpantheriascribonia, Stoll. r. 
Heterocampa subrotata, Harvey, v. r. 
Hyperchiria io, Fabr. r. 
Lagoa crispata, Pack. r. 
Leucarctia acrea, Drury. n. c. 
Platysamia cecropia, Linn, r, 
Telea polyphemus, Linn. r. 
Xyleutes robinice, Peck, r, 
OMITTED IN LIST OF RHOPALOCKRA 
Pamphila Meskei, Edw. v. r. 
Not a new Species. 
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, MAINE STATE 
COLLEGE, ORONO, ME. 
The moth which occurs in the so-called 
" Jumping bean " of Mexico, and which has 
been referred to in previous numbers of the 
Valley Naturalist, is not a new species. 
It was first described, so far as I know, by 
Westwood in the Proc. Ashmolean Society, 
1857 ; and also in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon., 1858, 
under the name of Garpocapsa saltitans. 
The same insect was descii jed by Lucas in 
1858, in the Revue et Magazin cle Zoologie, 
under the name of Garpocapsa Deshaisiana, 
with a plate containing a colored figure of 
the imago, larva, pupa, the seed from which 
it was raised, and figures of the mouth parts 
of the larva. 
The suggestion of C. G. Siewers in the 
February number, that all the Tortricidod 
may prove to be jumpers, is worthy of con- 
sideration, at least so far as the species that 
feed in seeds is concerned, though I have 
never yet observed anything of the kind. I 
am confident that some of the leaf rolling 
species, at least, are not jumpers, though 
when disturbed they are very active, and if 
removed from the leal and laid in the hand 
or on a table they will remain quiet, but if 
disturbed they riggle about very lively, but 
not in a manner to jump up so as to carry 
their rolled leaf with them. 
The Lieaf— its Structure and Functions . 
BY JOHN COCHRANE, HAVANA, ILLINOIS. 
As the time is near at hand that the foliage 
will clothe the forest and grove, it is appro- 
priate to call to mind its structure and its 
functions, in autumn when the sun retires 
to the Southern hemisphere; the chilly 
winds of autumn remind us of the approach 
of winter. The leaves by a process of na- 
tures unchanging law, assume their tinted 
hues of maturity and age, but not from 
frost. The Silver Maple, the Ivy, the Vir- 
ginia Creaper, the Sumach, the Pear and the 
Coffee tree are the first ripe, end preparing 
to leave the spray on which they grew. 
"Gay bodies they are. but go down to decay 
Ere winters breath comes, they are wasted away, 
But a change will come o'er them, and dream- 
like and fair, 
The features that marked them, they will once 
again wear. 1 ? 
The Oak, the Elm and the Chestnut 
on account of the large amount of tannin 
contained in them will for awhile 
longer adhere to the parent stem. All 
plants iu a general sense receive their food 
from their roots. The tree receives its sup- 
ply from minerals, such as lime, silex, pot- 
ash, magnesia, etc. in solution. The sap 
thus charged with nourishment ascends the 
trunk, traverses the branches and passes in- 
to the leaf. 
The superfluous sap which held the nour- 
ishment in solution, passes of by respiration 
through the leaf, but the plant does not part 
with the nourishment contained in the liquid. 
This is distributed through the plant, the 
leaf retaining its preportion in its cells. The 
wanderful system of minute vessels which 
traverses its whole cellular tissue becomes 
clogged as the season advances, till they are 
wholly suspended, the matured leaf loses 
its hold and falls to the ground. The re- 
markable power of the leaf to decompose 
carbonic acid, enables them in common witli 
the roots, to contribute to the growth of 
plants. The components of all plants are? 
carbon and the elements of water. 
The woody fibre is formed of earbon r 
hence the growth and increase of all plants 
and trees depend on their power of taking 
up and digesting this substance which they 
receive from the atmosphere combined with 
oxygen. The leaves seperate the carbon 
from the oxygen, and appropriate the former 
to plant growth. 
In reality the leaves are the lungs of the- 
plant, and their functions are strikingly an- 
alogous to the lungs of animals. The green 
leaves ef agrowingplantabsorb carbonic acid, 
and expose it to the action of the suns light, 
which seperate the oxygen from the carbonic 
acid, and is given out by the leaves. 
The carbon remains and is appropriated 
by the plant. To perform these functions 
the leaves must be exposed to the light and 
be green. Plants grown in the dark are 
feeble and destitute of substance and of 
color. These functions are uniform in all 
the great varieties of vegetation. 
"The same wand'rous tissue, the outlines 
and grace , 
Of each tiny leaflet and blossom we trace.," 
Did space permit, we would refer 1o the 
various amounts of moisture appropriated 
by some plants, and the amounts exhaled 
from the leaves; why dense shady gardens 
are damp, etc. Endless duration is the age 
of matter, and of its author, endless space 
the empire. All God's providences are em- 
bodied in His unchanging laws, and the un- 
changing laws of nature are the unchanging 
thoughts of God. 
Birds of Michigan. 
BY W. H. HUGHES, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 
B. virginianus. Great Horned Owl. A 
common resident, and so well known as to 
need no discription. It nests and rears its 
young here, and is perhaps the most common; 
of all the owls. 
S. asio. Screech Owl. This owl, so com- 
mon in New York and New England, is 
rarely seen here, but occasionally specimens 
are seen. The nest is built in hollow trees,, 
and the eggs are a pure white and nearly- 
spherical. 
A. Wilsonianus. Long Eared Owl. This 
bird is about fifteen inches long, dark colored 
plumage with long prominent ear tufts. Is- 
found everywhere in the forests and wood- 
lands; it builts its nest in the trees, and lays- 
four pure white eggs. 
JST. ninea. The Snowy Owl. This specie* 
is about the size of the great horned owl, and 
is well known from its light colored plum- 
age; it breeds in the northern regions, and 
is an inhabitant of the arctic circle. lis 
Michigan it is a winter visitor and is one of 
the few species of birds known to inhabit or 
visit both the Eastern and Western hemis- 
phere. The entire order have been supposed 
to be injurious to man by preying upon t he- 
smaller domestic animals and fowls, and are 
consequently followed with feelings of re- 
venge, and destroyed without mercy. • 
It is quite likely that a fair trial would 
show that this is a mistake, and would dis- 
close the fact that they are the friends of 
man and beneficial to agriculture. 
C. americanus. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. A 
summer resident, and breeds but is not com- 
mon. Two or three individuals may 'be seen, 
lii the deep thickets in the course of a sum- 
mer. Its cry resembles somewhat the sylla- 
ble "kou" or "krow," and from the fae> 
that it is supposed to utter it most freely im- 
mediately proceeding- a storm, it has ao- 
