of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 
409 
and 3247 nets; in 1888-89, 1163 boats and 10,555 nets. In the same 
fashion the exports of Swedish cured lierring to Germany have gone up 
by bounds. The number of barrels imported at Stettin was 675 in 1885, 
1295 in 1887, 9627 in 1888, 48,974 in 1889, and 49,085 in 1890.* 
During last summer a Swedish gunboat, the ' Astrid,' was employed in 
making investigations on the fishing grounds in the Baltic, especially 
with reference to the use of the trawl-net. 
IX. NORWAY. 
The hatching of cod and other sea-fish continues most successfully at 
Flodevig establishment, under the direction of Captain G. M. Dannevig. 
In a preliminary report on the season's operations Captain Dannevig 
states that during the present spring (1891) 620 litres of cod spawn have 
been dealt with, representing 279,000,000 eggs ; and at a part of the 
Norwegian coast, between Sornskil and Hanbo (a distance of about four 
Norwegian miles), 166,500,000 cod fry have been planted, in addition to 
26,000,000 in other places. About 750,000 have been retained in one of 
the ponds at the hatchery for further observation. From 1884, when 
the hatchery was established, to 1890, there were hatched in all 
140,000,000 ova, so that the great increase in output justifies the recent 
enlargement of the hatchery ; although, owing to too small pumps, only 
24 of the 42 hatching apparatus can be used at once. If the hatchery 
were working at its full capacity, 400,000,000 cod eggs could be hatched 
in a season with very little additional expense. Five hundred spawners 
were used, 484 of which are still alive and will be kept till next season. 
The approximate mean temperature of the water has been 4°C., and the 
mean specific gravity 1024. The death-rate of the eggs during the 
process of hatching has been 30 per cent., compared with 50 per cent, 
in previous years. 
According to the official statistics f the gross value of the fish landed 
in 1889 on the coasts of Norway was 26,227,315 kroner, or .£1,457,073. 
The coast fisheries — as distinguished from the fisheries for seals, whales, 
&c. — were of the value of £1,295,069. The most important of them is 
the cod fishery, which last year yielded 58,877,100 fish, valued at 
£855,664. In addition, cod livers brought £101,063, and cod roes, 
which are specially prepared and exported, £38,789 ; so that the fisher- 
men received for the produce of this fishery the sum of £995,516. The 
cod fishing last year was the most valuable since 1884; the increase over 
the previous year is 2,243,000 cod and £138,338. Most of the cod are 
caught at the Loffoden Isles, but for a number of years past there has 
been a falling off in the yield there. Last year the number was 22,557,000 
fish, while 22,299,000 were caught off the coast of Finmark. The 
number of men engaged in the cod fishing was 83,092, and the number 
of boats 20,158 ; most of the boats use long lines and hand lines, but a 
large number make use of the gill-net. The next most important of the 
Norwegian fisheries is that for herring ; large quantities are cured and 
exported to Germany and other countries, where they compete with 
Scotch fish. The yield in 1889 was greater than in 1888 by about 7000 
hectolitres (or about 185,000 gallons), the increase being both in the 
well-known ' fat herring,' and in the spring herring : but the value was 
less owing to the low prices current. The value of the herrings caught 
last year was £202,166, against £248,944 in 1888. The fishery for 
* Jahresbericht der Vorsteher der J^aufmannschaft, Stettin, 1890-91. 
t Tabeller vedkommende Norges Fiskerier i aaret 1889, samt Beretninger angaaende 
deres Drift. M. V, Kristiania, 1890. 
