of the Fisliery Board for Scotland. 
421 
Tlioulet has described the very elaborate arrangements made by the Swiss 
Government for the physical investigations of the great lakes. Professor 
Thonlet last year published a large and elaborate treatise on the whole 
subject of oceanography,* with numerous illustrations. The history of 
marine explorations is given, and the various instruments and apparatus 
used in marine research are explained and figured. The ocean basins are 
described, as well as the nature and composition of marine deposits and 
the composition of sea water, and there is a long chapter on the tem- 
perature, specific gravity, &c. of the sea. 
•Dr Blanchard, Secretary to the Zoological Society of France, has pub- 
lished a paper on an interesting discovery made by Mr Thomas Scott, 
F.L.S.,t one of the Fishery Board's naturalists, namely, the presence of an 
ento-parasite in a fresh-water Ostracod, Candona rostrata. Dr Blanchard 
has examined the specimen, and finds it to be ' the larva of Tcmia (jvadlis^ 
or tapeworm, which lives in the intestines of several species of ducks. \ 
Dr Blanchard says the discovery is an interesting contribution to helmin- 
thology, as the migration of tha parasite was not previously known. 
XIV. SPAIN. (By Mr W. Anderson Smith.) 
We have not received the remainder of Revista de Pesca Maritima for 
1890 in time for our Keport, but some later numbers are available, thanks 
to the courteous secretary of the Fisheries Commission, Seiior Eafael 
Gutierren Vela. The Fishery Law that passed the Senate has not 
passed the Cortes, and consequently will have to be drawn up anew. 
They complain bitterly of their inability to confront the urgent necessities 
of the fisheries, owing to the small annual grant of 15,000 pesetas (£625) ; 
so that, for want of means of protection, they will have entirely to pro- 
hibit particular fishing apparatus. The State has sold its valuable fisheries 
in the Mar Menor — that remarkable inland sea — for want of means to 
supply the necessary works ; and the sea in question threatens to lose its 
present exceptional conditions for want of the means required to defend 
it. The rivers of the north, formerly so abundant in Salmonidse, are now 
exhausted. The littoral fishes are becoming scarce also in the bays and 
around the coast ; so that it is quite necessary to hatch ! 
The Revista de Pesca Maritima refers to our Eighth Annual Report, 
thanks Dr Fulton for his attention, and the regard paid to their opinion ] 
and specially refers to this summary, as showing the attention paid by all 
nations to fish culture, and the satisfactory results that have followed it. 
Papers from our Report are reproduced, notably Dr FuUarton's on ' Oyster 
Culture,' which is given in full. 
A remarkable paper on the 'Fishery of the Atlantic Coasts of the 
' Sahara ' shows this to be ' the richest fishery in the world.' It is fished 
from the Canary Isles. In little over a year 5 to 6000 tons of salted fish 
were landed, whose only consumers are the 275,000 inhabitants of these 
isles. The estimated catch is 4,000,000 fish, of 3 kilos, each. Even 
6,000,000 may be taken as the catch of 1000 fishermen, or 6000 fish each. 
Berthelot's calculation makes each Canary fisherman catch annually 3,337 
fish on these Saharan coasts. This is a most valuable paper, and raises 
some very interesting questions. They account for the apparition of 
tunnies as coming in the cold under-current, like the whales, and only 
* Oc4anographie {Statique), Paris, 1890. 
fProc. Boy. Pliys. Soc, Min., vol. X. p. 313, 1890. 
t Note sur les migrations du Tcenia gracilis, Krabbe, Ball de la Soc. Zool. dc 
France, torn, xvi. p. 119, 1891. 
