CVlll 
General Results of the Makerstoun Observations. 
The maximum extent of clouded sky occurs earliest in summer, at 9^ a.m., and latest in autumn, about 1^ p.m. ; 
in the other two quarters, however, the value from 9^ a.m. till 5^ p.m. is nearly constant : the minimum occurs 
earliest in autumn, about 8'^ p.m., and latest in summer, near midnight. In the mean for the year tbe maxi- 
mum occurs near ll'^ a.m. and the minimum near 10^ p.m. The morning mean value occurs earliest in autumn 
and latest in winter : the afternoon mean value occurs latest in autumn and earliest in siunmer. 
230. The ranges of the Diurnal Variations of the Extent of Clouded Sky are as follow : — 
Winter=:l-51, Spring = 1-38, Summer = l-05, Autumn = l-59. Year=l-27. 
The diurnal range is therefore least in summer and greatest in autumn and winter. 
Quantity of Rain. 
Table 101. — Quantity of Rain fallen at Makerstoun, according to the Observatory Rain-Gauge, 
for each Month in the Years 1832-1849. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
March. 
April. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
1 Sum. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
1-58? 
1-33 
0-73 
0-93 
2-09 
4-70 
0-57 
3-96 
1-27 
3^71 
3-21 
1-89 
, 25-97 
0-42 
2-03 
2-85 
1-27 
0-87 
3-67 
1-96 
1-39 
2-30 
2-03 
1-30 
4-40 
24-49 
3-37 
1-08 
0-75 
1-38 
0-71 
1-93 
3-80 
3-91 
3-20 
2-21 
1-84 
1-42 
25-60 
004 
2-93 
1-29 
0-76 
1-79 
0-51 
0-92 
2-12 
2-96 
3-20 
3-90 
1-50 
i 21-92 
1-99 
2-61 
2-29 
1-62 
0-49 
2-30 
4-24 
3-08 
2-08 
3-33 
3-25 
4-98 
■ 32-26 
3-03 
1-47 
1-99 
3-18 
1-09 
2-21 
5-67 
3-13 
2-22 
1-35 
1-55 
2-13 
: 29-02 
2-12 
1-22 
1-90 
1-68 
1-94 
4-39 
2-54 
2-67 
3-13 
2-43 
2-14 
0-71 
26-87 
1-68 
0-98 
1-98 
0-31 
0-43 
2-86 
2-14 
2-13 
4-25 
3-34 
2-82 
2-22 
1 25-14 
3-05 
1-50 
0-82 
0-09 
3-75 
3-41 
3-10 
2-25 
3-16 
1-97 
2-72 
0-91 
' 26-73 
2-46 
1-17 
1-39 
1-99 
1-60 
1-87 
2-65 
4-07 
3-68 
5-95 
2-63 
2-14 
' 31-60 
1-73 
1-35 
2-30 
0-09 
2-27 
1-60 
1-800 
2-201 
3-080 
1-319 
1-846 
2-102 
' 21-688 
1-978 
1-926 
0-934 
2-231 
3-237 
1-311 
2-676 
2-752 
1-080 
3-645 
2-038 
0-949 
24-757 
1-904 
2-081 
1-632 
0-681 
0-546 
3-083 
2-553 
1-511 
3-104 
1-541 
2-780 
0-363 
21-779 
1-325 
0-712 
1-283 
1-261 
2-217 
2-935 
1-460 
3-158 
1-838 
4-247 
1-699 
1-853 
23-9SS 
1-901 
1-827 
2-293 
2-272 
2-975 
2-761 
7-124 
4-738 
4-586 
3-506 
2-054 
1-817 
37-S54 
0-624 
0-484 
0-330 
1-201 
4-335 
1-970 
2-099 
1-035 
1-375 
2-778 
1-839 
4-006 
22-076 
1-166 
3-780 
3-350 
1-028 
0-350 
3-826 
1-294 
3-223 
1-182 
4-152 
2-252 
1-627 
27-230 
2-775 
1-305 
0-929 
2-480 
2-831 
2-379 
2-383 
2-547 
1-973 
2-417 
1-309 
2-000 
25-328 
1-841 
1-655 
1-613 
1-359 
1-862 
2-651 
2-721 
2-771 
2-582 
2-951 
2-288 
2-056 
26-350 
-0594 
-0585 
•0520 
-0453 
0-601 
-0884 
-0878 
-0894 
•0861 
•0952 
•0762 
-0663 
0-0722 
Year. 
1832 
1833 
18.34 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1819 
Monthly 
Mean. 
Daily 
Mean. 
231. The quantities in Table 101, from July 1842 till December 1849, were obtained from the Observa- 
tory gauge, which has its funnel-mouth 8 inches above the soil ; the quantities from January 1832 till Jime 
1842 are the amounts of rain found in the garden gauge (6^- feet above the soil), inultiplied by factors, con^taut 
for each month, which express the ratios of the amounts of rain found in the Observatory gauge to those found 
in the garden gauge during 6 years ; these ratios are as follow : — 
.Ian. 
1-056 
Feb. 
1-030 
March. 
1-029 
April. 
1-118 
Slay. 
1-071 
Juno. 
1-076 
.luly. 
1-070 
Aug. 
1-058 
Sept. 
1-078 
Oct. 
1-081 
Nov. Dec. 
1-061 1-172 
The amounts of rain, therefore, in Table 101 were cither obtained directly from the Observatory gauge, or tlioy 
are sucli as would have been obtained in tliat gauge. 
232. The mean yearly amount of raiu at Makerstoun by the Observatory gauec from 18 years' obser- 
vations = 26-350 inches. 
233. The least amount of rain for any of the 18 years was obtained in 1842, when it was 21-688 indies , 
the amounts for 1835 and 1844 were little more. The greatest amount of rain occurred in 1846, being 37-854 
inches. The least montlily fall of rain occurred .January 1835, being only 0-04 inch. The greatest monthly 
fall of rain occurred .Tulv 1840, beings: 7"124 inches. 
