84 
THE ANTIQUITIES OE MUKHALINGAM. 
therefore built in the beginning of the 8th century and the 
temple in the beginning of the 9th century.' 
21. Having traced the origin of the temple and of the 
town in which it is situated, 1 have next to consider who it 
is that, the Kslirtramdhdtmya says, ' rebuilt the temples in 
the Kaliyuga.' He is said to be a Kataha (Orissa) prince, 
by name Madhuharna-Gajapati of the Ganga dynasty, and, 
curiously enough, a descendant of Vishnuvardhana. Sir 
W. W. Hunter's list of the Orissa Oangas does not contain 
the name of Madhulcarna ; but in a list of the Parlakimedi 
Zamindars, who are called Gajaj^atis and who claim to be 
the descendants of the Orissa Gangas (published in Mr. 
Sewell's Antiquities, Vol. II. pages 185-6), the name 3Iad- 
huJcarnadeva occurs and the prince is said to have reigned 
from A.D. 1392 to 1423. Sir W. Hunter says that the Kim- 
edi country was conquered by the Orissa Oangas; but it is not 
known when that event took place. The Parlakimedi taluk 
contains several villages that are known to be included in the 
ancient Kalinga kingdom, before the invasion of Orissa by 
Chodagamjadeva. Mukhalingam and many villages in its 
neighbourhood and the Soda country, for instance, were 
formerly parts of Kalinga ruled by Ganga princes, the 
predecessors of Chodagangadevn ; and these are now in the 
Parlakimedi taluk, still in the possession of a Ganga prince, 
the Parlakimedi Zamindar. Of the history of Kali^xga 
after ChodagaDgadeva' s invasion of Orissa, nothing is known. 
His descendants established themselves in Orissa, making 
their original kingdom a mere dependency. But it is very 
probable that some minor princes of the family were left 
in Kalinga to maintain the authority of the Gangas. A cop- 
per-plate inscription which I have partly deciphered and of 
which an abstract of contents is given below, speaks of a 
Ganga-pvince ruling over a small principality, while another 
1 Or it may be fifty years earlier according to the other plates. 
