THE ANTIQUITIES OF MDKHALINGAM. 85 
Ganga prince was the supreme lord of Kalinga. Whether 
the Parlakimedi Gangas are directly descended from the 
Qanga princes that remained in Kalinga after the establish- 
ment of the Gangetic dynasty in Orissa in the twelfth 
century^ or from Kapilendradeva, an Orissa Ganga king 
according to the tradition^ current in the district, is still a 
problem to be solved. But that they are, though remotely, 
connected with Anantavarma-OhSdaganga is beyond doubt. 
In a previous paragraph some facts were stated which 
identify the Anantavarma-Ghodagangadeva of Kalinga and 
Chor Ganga, the founder of the Orissa Ganga dynasty.^ 
Two more proofs may be added confirmatory of what has 
been said. One is the tradition noticed by Sir W. Hunter 
that in the beginning of the twelfth century a Ganga chief 
of ' the Southern Kingdom, ' named Chor Gang, invaded 
Orissa ; and the other, more conclusive than the first, is that 
the Orissa Gangas (before that dynasty became extinct in 
Orissa on the murder of Pratdparudra's second son and all 
belonging to the royal family by the minister Gohind Bidyd- 
dhar, who afterwards ascended the throne in A.D. 1534) 
and the Parlakimedi Gangas both belong to the gutra of 
Atri, the same from which the Kalinga Gangas trace their 
descent.^ Returning to Madhukarnadeva, it is certain that 
he was the ruler of a part of Kalinga, in which it may be 
^ The tradition is that Kapilendradeva, a Ganga king of Orissa, had 
eighteen sons by bis lawfully married queen and another by a concubine, 
whom he appointed as yuvardj (heir apparent). Thereupon the eighteen 
sons quarrelled with their step-brother and left the country ; one of them 
went to Bdmunda in the Central Provinces and another to the Kimedi 
country and established separate kingdoms. 
' In Sir W. Hunter's list of the Orissa Gangas, the date given to 
Chor Gang (still contracted into Chorang) is A.D, 113'2-115i!. This, if 
correct, will make the reign of the king too long, viz., 74 years including the 
T-eriod of his administration of Kalinga before thi; conquest of Orissa. But 
Hunt^-r's date is not based upon any genuine authority, as far <is it can 
be seen in\i.\& Annals of Orissa. Whereas, Anantavarma-Chddagangadixa'A 
date is beyond question 
' In Plate No. 178. 1. 3 ff. Atreyag6trd,niim...tri'kaUngamahihhujam 
Gangdndm. 
12 
