OF BHARATAVARSA OR IXniA. 
105 
friends in Europe who kindly supplied me with the right 
reading S'iviovar) instead of AiOTridovar}. 
It may also be added that, according to Plutarch, all the 
rivers on which he comments have changed their original 
names in order to bear the one by which they were afterwards 
generally known. Plutarch refers occasionally to previous 
authors to verify his accounts, e.g., to Kallisthenes, Kai- 
maron, Kleitophon, Aristoteles, and others, but even if most 
of the works he quotes had not been lost, it is doubtful 
whether he could have substantiated his statements. The 
stories about the Hydaspes and Indos are so un-Indian 
and so mythical that it is hardly necessary to try to explain 
the report concerning the Ganges. Even if the term 
Kalauria were an adjective derived from a proper name, and 
Chliaros were a mistake for Kalaurios, there is nothing 
to prove that Kalauria should be identical with Indian, not 
to apeak of the boldness of deriving from it Colar or Colara 
as a term designating India in ancient times ; a term and 
a signification which occur nowhere in the whole classical 
literature. I am quite convinced that Kalauria has nothing 
to do with the Kols of Chota-Nagpore, though I am not pre- 
pared to venture a decided conjecture as to the origin of the 
word Kalauria used by Plutarch.-^ 
It is perhaps a mere accident that the Tamwm which 
joins the Grahga or Ganges at Prayaga (Pratisthana, the 
modern Allahabad) is called Kalindi, the daughter of Ka- 
linda, for she springs from the mountain Kalinda, or is aecord- 
Herodotos mentions III, 38 and 97, the Indian Kalatiai or Kalantiai 
wto ate their parents. The Brahnian Ealanos (Kah'fina) who accompanied 
Alexander the Great is well known for burning himself alive. I only mention 
these names as they resemble somewhat Kalauria. I need hardly add 
that the Greek word KaXapis, which is commonly pronounced K6Xapis, a kind 
of screech-owl, has nothing in common with this subject. 
To declare Colara as a name of India, though such never existed, and 
to derive it from the nymph Kalauria on the authority of the younger 
Plutarch's mythical account of the river Ganges appears like a pun, or 
like what a Berliner would call a Kalauer. 
