OF BHARATAVARSA OR INDIA. 
115 
" evpnts until within the last century appear to be involved in 
" much obscurity and confusion." The late Mr. Alexander 
Kinloch Forbes raentions in his Rds Maid the legendary des- 
cent of the Kolis from Tuvanasva, the father of Mandhatr.^* 
Captain Macintosh repeatedly mentions in his Account 
the great veneration in which the Kolis hold the well-known 
35 See " An Account of the Tribe of the llhadeo Kolies," by Captain A. 
Macintosh, in the Madras Journal of Literature and Science, vol. V., pp. 
71-112, 238-279; compare also /wfi^iaw Antiquary, vol. II, p. 154 ; vol. Ill, 
pp. 76, 77, 126, 127, 186-196, 222, 224, 227, 228, 248 ; vol. V, p. 8, and Sir 
G. Campbell's Ethnology of India in the Appendix to vol. XXXV, of the 
Journalof the Asiatic Society of Bengal, pp. 46, 53, 123, 125. 
In the Rds Mala, London, 1878, pp. 78-79, we read : " A similar fabulous 
descent is given to the Koolees from Youwanashwa, the father of Mandhata 
Raja. Their ancestor, Koolee, was brought up by a sage in the forest, and 
always led a jungle life, whence it happened, as the bard says, that his descen- 
dants, though in the towns they are of little importance, are lions in the jungle. 
The Koolees lived for a long time on the sea-shore, in the neighbourhood of 
the Indus, but they were removed to the coimtry about the Null by the god- 
dess Hinglaz, and brought with them the earth-nut called ' beerd,' which 
even in famine does not fail. They were called at this time Mairs, as well 
as Koolees, and Sonuog Mair was their leader. He left twelve sons, each of 
Avhom became the head of a clan ... In these times, says the bard, there 
was not so great a population in Goozerat, but there was much forest, and 
the Bheels and Koolees lived in security. They were doubtless then, as now, 
hereditary and professional plunderers, 'soldiers of the night,' as they 
describe themselves. Raja Kurun Solunkee is the first ruler of Goozerat on 
record who devoted his attention to putting a curb upon these wild tribes." 
Captain Macintosh derived the term Kuli from the Koli tribe. He writes 
in a note on p. 71 : " On a former occasion, I ventured to derive the term 
Cooly, applied by us to porters, labourers or persons who work for hire, in 
the following manner — as the fishermen, boatmen, and many of the common 
labourers, at Bombay, and along the coast, are Kolies, the term Cooly may 
have originated among the English at Bombay. A passenger coming 
ashore, when a ship arrived from Europe, might have wished to give a box 
or package in charge to a native (probably a person of rank or caste) ; he 
would say, or a servant in attendance might say, that he would fetch a 
Koly, or a certain number of Kolies, to take ' master's baggage' to the shore. 
Thus the term would have become familiar, and, in the course of time, 
would be indiscriminately applied to all porters or labourers, and soon 
have spread among the few English settled in India in those days.'' 
In the above-mentioned Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and 
Phrases is on p. 192 the expression Cooly also connected with the Kolis : 
" The origin of the word appears to have been a no^nen gentile, the name 
{Koli) of a race or caste in Western India, who have long performed such 
offir,es as have been mentioned . . According to Dr. H. V. Carter, the Kolis 
