OF BHARATAVARSA OR INDIA. 
119 
occupied. The similarity of tlieir name with that of the Kolis 
and of the Kulu district is therefore not accidental.*^ 
CHAPTEE IX. 
On the Kois, Konds, Kands, Gtonds, &c. 
Much as the several tribes, whose names head this 
chapter, differ from one another in their manners, dialects 
and appearance, still there exists such a general resemblance 
between them, that, as has been pointed out by one of the 
greatest geographers of o^xr century, the late JTarl Bitter, 
all these various races, however considerable may be the 
distances at which they live apart from one another, must be 
tions until they exterminated the entire race of Goullies . . It is a common 
practice with such of the inhabitants of the plains as bury their dead, as 
well as the hill tribes to erect thurgahs (tombs commonly of a single stone), 
near the graves of their parents. In the vicinity of some of the Koly 
villages and near the site of deserted ones, several of these thurgahs are 
occasionally to be seen, especially near the source of the Bhaum river. The 
people say they belonged to Gursees and Goullies of former times. The 
stones with many figures in relief roughly carved upon them, and one of 
these holding a drum in his hand, and in the act of beating time on it, are 
considered to have belonged to the Gursees who are musicians by profession. 
The other thurgahs with a Saloonka (one of the emblems of Mhadeo) and a 
band of women forming a circle round it, with large pots on their heads, are 
said to be GouUy monuments. This may be reckoned partly confirmatory of 
the tradition." 
Consult about the Gaulis also the Gazetteer of Aurangahad, pp. 136, 226, 
278, 279. 
About references concerning Kulinda, Euluta, Koluka, Koliita and 
Kauluta consult Bothlingk and Koth's Sanskrit Worterbuch. About 
Kaulubha see Lassen's Indische Altlurthumahunde, vol. I, p. 57 (p. 75 
second edition), and vol. II, pp. 206, 207. Lassen desires to substitute for 
Kauluta in Mudraraksasa Kaulubha especially on the authority of Plinins 
who in his Historia Naturalis, lib. VI, cap. 22, mentions that: "Ultra 
(Gangem) siti sunt Modubae, Molindae. . . . Colubae, Or.xulae, etc." In vol. 
I, p. 547 (661), Lassen speaks of the Kulindas : " Die Kulinda wohnten nach 
dem Epos im hochsten Himalaya und zwar ostwarts bis zu den Ganges- 
Quellen." 
Ptolemy assigns the sources of the Vipasa, Satadru, Yamuna and Ganga 
to the country iTyZiwrfrme : " 'Ytt!) Se tos Bi)3a'(nos /cal toC ZapaSpov koi rov 
Aia/j-ovva koItov Tdyyou ri KvXivZpivT]. " The inhabitants of this district were 
the Kulindas. About Kylindrine compare also Sir A. Cunningham's Ancient 
Geography of India, pp. 136-138, where it is identified with Jalandhara, 
whose "antiquity is undoubted, as it is mentioned by Ptolemj- as 
