OF BHABATAVAESA OR INDIA. 
151 
In the English translation of Ramappa's Memoirs of 
the Slaves, Hoobashee is always called Hubashika, and the 
Karamaras are called Marimans or Kappatu Koragas. 
We read also in this memoir that Hubasika, king of 
the Candalas, subdued king Lokadiraya, that the king 
Candrasena, in order to get rid of Hubasika, proposed to 
him that he should marry Candrasena's sister, and when 
Hubasika with his chief followers came, the guests were 
treacherously assailed and either massacred or enslaved.^* 
source. The following account is reprinted from T7ie Eoragars by Mr. UUal 
Eaghavendra Rao from the Indian Antiquarxj, vol. Ill, p. 196: "The 
following tradition gives us a very faint idea of their rule : — 
" About 900 years or more B.C. (but we must not be too particular about 
dates), the Kahashi brought an army from Anantapur, consisting of the Birar, 
Mundal, Karmara, Maila, Holeya, Ande Koraga ; with these troops, whom 
the learned Dr. Buchanan calls savages, the Habashi marched against Angara 
Varma, the son of Vira Varma. They first came to Barknr, and from thence 
proceeded to Mangalur, where they were attacked by small-pox, and greatly 
troubled by ants. They went to the southward of Manjesvar. There the 
Habashi established his capital, and put his nephew Sidda Bairn on the 
throne in lieu of Vira Varma. He reigned only twelve years, and then both 
he and the Habashi died, owing to the enchantments used by Vira Varma, 
who went to Banawasi in Sonda for that very purpose. After their death 
Vira Varma returned, and drove the aforesaid army into the jungles, where 
they were pursued to such extremities that they consented to become slaves 
and serve under the former landlords. The Karmara was sent to watch 
the crops and cattle belonging to the village. The headmen who had been 
appointed by the Hubashi to the most responsible posts under his nephew's 
government were taken naked to the seashore in order to be hanged, but, 
being ashamed of their naked state, they gathered the leaves of the Nekki 
gida and made a small covering for themselves. Thereupon their conductors 
took pity on them, and let them go, since which they have, it is said, 
continued to wear no other covering than the leaves of the said tree." 
The Eoragars have been republished in the Madras Christian College 
Magazine, vol. Ill, pp. 824, 833. The contents of the nine lines (beginning 
■with "The way in which," and ending with "all the trees thereon," con- 
cerning the ceremony of buying a slave) are omitted in this extract, and are 
found in another extract reprinted at the top of p. 148 in note 62. 
The passage on p. 197 beginning with : " Although these slaves are in a 
degraded position " and ending with : " They are also mortgaged for three 
or four pagodas," forms verbatim part of § 30 on p. 23 of Mr. Lavie's MS. 
It is found in the Madras Christian College Magazine on pages 828, 829. 
Mr. Lavie resigned the service in 1848 and died in England in 1861. 
The Loeaditya Raya of Buchanan is called Lokadiraya by Ramappa Karnic 
of Barkur, in whose Memoirs of the Origin of Slaves in Dr. Shortt's Hill Ravges, 
Part IV, pp. 18 and 19, we read : " Formerly, a hero by name Hubashika 
