OP BHARATAVARSA OR INDIA. 
155 
was Kanerkes and Hooerkes. Certain euphonic rules even 
necessitate the above-mentioned change in Sanskrit. The 
Gauda-Dravidian languages are not very strict in the use of 
the liquids r and I, and the letter / is at times pronounced 
like an / or an r, and even, though faulty, like an s.^' 
The Koragas, whom Buchanan calls Comtvar, though, 
treated like out-castes, yet acknowledge caste-distinctions 
among themselves. They are known as Ancle Koragas, Vastra 
Koragas and Soppu Koragas. They are divided besides into 
five tribes. The names of two of these are lost. The others 
are called Bangaranna, Kumaranna, and Mimgaranna. 
I explain the word Koraga in the same manner as 
Kodaga, both names being derivatives of ko, mountain. 
Dr. Francis Buchanan calls the Koragas, as above men- 
About these rulers and especially about Huviska or Hooerkes, compare 
besides other •writings the Catalogue of the Greek and Scijthic kings of Bactria 
and India in the British Museumhy Percy Gardner, ll.d., edited by Reginald 
S. Poole, LL.D., Introduction, pp. xlix-li : " The evidence derived from 
the style and epigraphy of coins seems to show that Kadphises I. and 
Kadaphes ruled but a part of North-West India. When Kadphises came 
in as an invader from the north, he found Hermaeus ruling in the Kabul 
Valley, and reduced him to a state of dependence . . . The Yueh-chi did 
not rapidly extend their dominion in India . . Onlj' on the accession of the 
second Kadphises did the power of the invaders become altogether predomi- 
nant . . Kadphises II., Ooemo Kadphises, was a wealthy monarch, and the 
founder of a powerful line of Scythic kings, as to whom inscriptions give us 
some information. His date is about the middle of the first century A.D. 
His successors are the kings called on their coins Kanerkes and Hooerkes, 
and in the records Kanishka and Huvishka. Their rule comprised the 
whole of North- West India and the Kabul Valley." See further pp. 129, 
158, 175 ; H. H. Wilson's Ariana Antigua, pp. 5, 9, 347-377 ; The Archee- 
ological Survey of India by Sir Alexander Cunningham, vol. II, p. 238 ; vol., 
II, pp. 10, 43, 44, 63-70, 88, 159, 162, 168 ; vol. Ill, pp. 30, 32 ; vol. V, p. 
57 ; vol. XIV, p. 53 ; vol. XVI, Pref., P. IV; Indian Antiquary, vol. VI, pp. 
217-19 ; vol. X, pp. 213, 216 ; vol. XVII contains the article on " Zoroastian 
Deities on Indo-Scythian Coins " by M. Aurel Stein, Ph.D., to which I wish 
to draw attention, though I cannot as yet see my way to agree with 
him in his, at all events, ingenious conjecture of identifying the Greek P 
which he himself pronounces repeatedly r with the sibilant s. 
The Banavasei (BaraaiVei and havaovaael) of Ptolemy has been differently 
explained. Some take it for Kunda/pur, others for Konkanapura, Kdkaniir 
and Anegundi. See Mr. T. W. McCrindle's Anciint India, as described by 
Ttolemy, p. 179. 
