OF BHARATAVARSA OR INDIA. 
157 
The Todas are divided into five clans, namely: Paiki, 
Pekkan, Kuttan, Kenna and Todi. We meet the term Paiki 
again among the Hale-paikis of Naga, and the Kumdra- 
paikas of North Kanara, who make toddy-drawing their 
chief occupation. The Hale-paikis of Manjarabad are 
called Devara makkalu or childi'en of God, and the Paikis 
who take the lead among the Todas, for from them the 
Palal or high-priest is chosen, call themselves also Ber mokh, 
or children of God.^" 
The derivation of Paiki is obscure ; can it be connected 
■with the Telugu postposition pai, above ? 
In The Tribes inhabiting the Neilgherry Rills, Mangalore, 1864, the Rev. 
F. Metz says on p. 14 : "At what period the Todas first came to and settled 
upon the Neilgherries, we have no means of ascertaining ; for they have no 
literature, nor any inscriptions, and such of their traditions as I have 
hitherto heard them mention afford no clue whatever hy which this 
mystery can be unravelled. From their legends, and some particular 
•words contained in their language, I am led to think that, prior to 
migrating to these Hills, they must, perhaps for centuries, have inhabited 
a range lying to the North-East, in the direction of Hassanoor, beyond 
the Gazelhutty pass. Part of the tribe appears to have settled in a 
northern direction near Collegal ; for I am frequently pressed to go and visit 
them and bring back intelligence respecting their condition in life ; 
prosperity with the Todas, as in patriarchal times, consisting in the number 
and extent of their heads." See also An Account of the Tribes on the Neil- 
gherries, by J. Shortt, m.d., Madras, 1868, pp. 4-42. On p. 4 he writes; 
" Todawars, or Torawurs, who are reputed to be the aborigines, and, it is 
said, were once clad in leaves and roamed as free and unrestrained lords of 
the soil, leading a pastoral nomadic life. . . Todawars, or Torawurs — the literal 
name given to herdsmen in the Tamil language — are the principal tribe, and 
are believed to be the original inhabitants, as well as the territorial 
sovereigns of these HUl tracts. Not only do the Todars themselves claim 
this priority of existence and possession, but the right is conceded to them 
by the other Hill tribes, who, in recognition of it, always paid a tribute to 
their Toda lords, consisting of one-sixth of the produce in kind; but, under the 
British Government, this practice is being gradually discontinued. . . The 
Toda or Thoddur tribe consists of five distinct intersections or sub-divisions, 
namely (1) Peiky ; (2) Pekkan ; (3) Kuttan ; (4) Kenna ; and (5) Tody. . . 
(On p. 7.) The Todawars are entirely a pastoral race, and lead a peaceful 
tranquil life, chiefly employed in tending their cattle. They carry no weapon 
of offence or defence for protection against enemies of their own kind or 
wild beasts, except a cowherd's wand or staff, which is made of jungle wood 
generally, about 4J feet long with a large knob or head." Compare further 
ibidem a Geographical and Statistical Memoir of a Survey on the Neilgherry 
Mountains, by Captain J. Ouchterlony, 1847, pp. 51-52 : "Thia remarkable 
race differs in almost every essential respect from all other tribes of the 
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