OF BHARATAVARSA OR INDIA. 
231 
Pillaikal into Tondamandalam, these men could not be 
stigmatised as slaves or tondar. 
The oil-plant, Capparis horrida, which is the Tam\\Adondai 
(commonly pronounced Adandai) or Tondai creeper, is well 
known in Southern India and esteemed for its medicinal 
properties. It is certainly peculiar that the same plant 
should have given its name to a Tanjorean prince and to a 
northern province which he is said to have governed and 
which was covered with it. 
I rather feel inclined to prefer the legend which connects 
the name with the inhabitants of the country, who made on 
the more cultivated southerners the impression of a rude and 
uncouth set of people. The Kurumbas, however, must have 
already attained a considerable degree of civilisation, though 
they looked despicable in the eyes of their enemies. While 
tondan denotes a slave, tondu signifies feudal service. In 
Palghat the Ilavas are to this day nicknamed Kotti-tondar. 
I think it highly probable that the Kurumbabhumi was 
reduced to a feudal state as Tondamandalam, and that the 
Kurumbas were regarded as Tondar. The minister of Kulot- 
tunga wanted, as we have seen, to apply the name Tondan 
to Adonda Cola himself. 
The subject becomes even more complicated by the Sans- 
krit name of the district Bandakdranya, or Dandakanddu in 
Tamil. The southern legend ascribes to this country, as we 
In Tamil ^Q^iresBnssL- and Q^rresamsL^ ; in Telugu Arudonda 
wXiiS^oaf. The A of Adonda seems to be therefore a contraction of Aru 
in Arudonda. Aredonda tsTS^o^ is called the Capparis zeylanica. Bonda 
seems to apply to the fruit of the Bryonia or Bimha (C. P. Brown's 
Telugu Dictionary, pp. 71, 451) ; in Kanarese Tonde or Tonde-kdi is the name 
of the Bryonia grandis. In Dr. J. Forbes Watson's Index to the Native and 
Scientific Names of Indian and other Eastern Economic Plants and Products the 
Cnpparis horrida is called Adonda, Arudonda in Telugu; Ardandu, Ardundu in 
Hindustani and flekkani ; Atanday, Atonday, Atunday in Tamil. Picinus 
communis is called Aranda and Arundi in HindustoAii ; and Bryonia grandig 
Donda kaya in Telugu. Tundikeri is the Sanskrit name for the cotton plant, 
which grows in South India in great quantity. 
i« See p. 228. 
