OF BHARATAVARSA OP. INDIA. 
233 
The existence of the Tonda or Donda plant may have led 
to the legend of the illegitimate prince Adonda being placed 
in a basket filled with Adonda creepers and named after 
them. 
The name of the king Danda or Dandaka may thus be 
of Gauda-Dravidian origin. So far as historical evidence 
goes, the term Dandakaranya is prior to that o,f Tondamanda- 
iam, but both may have sprung from the same source. It is 
further possible that the Kuxumbas were nicknamed Tondas. 
Other difficulties arise from the circumstance that the Pallava 
kings exercised authority contemporaneously with the 
Kurumbas in the same country. 
The title of the ruler of Tondamandalam was Tondaman, 
a designation which is still borne by the Raja of Pudukota 
in the Trichinopoly district, as chief of the KajLlas. I regard 
these Kailas as the representatives of a portion of the martial 
caste of the Kurumbas. When these had found their 
occupation as regular soldiers gone, they took to marauder- 
ing, and made themselves so obnoxious by their thefts and 
robberies, that the term Kalian, thief, was applied and stuck 
to them as a tribal appellation.^*^ In some documents the 
Kailas are called Kurumbas, and one of the sub-divisions of 
the kindred Koramas is known as Kalla-Koramas. 
purdrta, edited by Fitzedward Hall, vol. Ill, pp, 238, 239, 259, 260, and 
vol. IV, p. 59, about the Tundikeras. 
The Rev. W. Taylor identifies also in the Catalogue Raisonne, vol. III. 
pp. 385 (tbe Kallars or Curumbars) and 399 (the Kallars, or thieves, another 
name for the Curumbars or Vedars), the Kailas with the Kurumbas. MS. No. 
I, C. M. 755, 3, of the Mackenzie MSS. identifies in fact the Kailas with the 
Kurumbas, for the Kailas of Kallakkettu who were defeated by the Palegar. 
Srivallavaramakuttala Tevar and Krsnarayamarutappa Tgvar are called 
Kurumbas. The KaUas have also adopted the title Tevar like the Maravas. 
Compare moreover Mr. J. H. Nelson's remarks on the Kailas in his Manual 
of the Madura Country, Part II, pp. 44-56. 
In Tamil hal, means theft, lying, and kalian, thief, robber ; in Mala- 
}'alam kallam denotes theft, untruth, and kalian, thief, liar ; in Kanarese 
\ala is a villain, liar ; and in Telugu kalla, means lie. The word Eallan 
occurs only in the Tamil language as a tribal designation, a f«.ct which proves 
that the name KaUan is deiivcd from the root kal, and not vice versa as Mr. 
