71 
Besides these, I noticed numerous species of Bromeliacice, an occasional 
Screw-palm, Cedar, Kosewood, and Logwood Trees, and an immense number 
of Orchids. In the wet moss at the rapids and on the river bank I obtained 
insects of the genera Stenus and Elnus. We shot abundance of Wild Pigs, 
three species of Monkeys, a fine Otter, two Tapirs, some Capibara, many 
Gallinaceous Birds, and some Parrots. Fish also were abundant, and we 
salted large quantities. I should have stayed here some time had not 
insects been difficult to obtain, and had I not suffered from a severe attack 
of that tropical scourge, intermittent fever ; I therefore returned to Ilheos. 
On the 29th July, 1867, I again left Ilheos with a troop of three men who 
were returning, with their mules, to their home in the interior. In twenty 
days we arrived at a miserable village of tame (I cannot say civilized) Indians, 
the Catole. 
The men go nearly naked, the women have a short skirt only ; the village 
consisted of about eight huts, in a very dilapidated state ; their language is 
very gutteral; with difficulty I learned a few words. As our animals were 
very much exhausted, not having found any grass for the last twenty days, 
we were obliged to remain here nearly a week, which I spent in making 
some Ethnological researches. I found another village inhabited by a tribe 
totally different in features, language, and habits. These were Botocudos. 
The Indians of the Catole are Camacans. They are a comparatively settled 
people, planting large quantities of roots for food, and cotton, which they 
spin into very good cloth ; they use no tattooing, but like a little paint on 
festive occasions. This is generally put on in streaks about half an inch wide, 
over the face, arms, and breast ; the women use ordinary earrings, but do 
not pierce the nose or lips. The Botocudos plant little, and generally live by 
hunting — they tattoo a little. I never saw one painted. They make incisions 
in the lower lip and ears, in which round pieces of flat wood are inserted. 
Their especial ambition appears to consist in forcing the largest piece of wood 
possible into this incision. I saw an old man with a piece fully four inches 
in diameter ; the earpieces are necessarily smaller, rarely exceeding two 
inches in diameter. The remnants of two other tribes are to be found in the 
neighbourhood, but I did not see them. 
Two days after leaving the Catole we arrived at Cachimbo, a town on 
the Kiver Pardo, consisting of some twenty houses and huts, and a church 
large enough to contain 200 persons. There the deciduous woods commence, 
mixed with patches of the great forest. Four more days' journey brought us 
to the Campinos, situate between the Rivers Pardo and Icquitironhia, where 
I found large droves of half-wild cattle and horses, and many houses scattered 
about. Perhaps the inhabitants are about four to the square mile. I 
remained here some time, and collected many insects and plants, but found 
great difficulty in obtaining the necessaries of life. The land is very pro- 
