30 
" The Vampyrella is distinguished from the Moners above described by 
not having Zoospores. Inside the encapsuled parent cyst in its quiescent 
state, are formed four germs, which after their exit appear in the form of 
Actinophrys-like Amcebce. The Vampyrella? are thus characterised as 
reproducing by formation of ' 4 Tetraplasts " instead of Zoospores. These 
Tetraplasts have neither nucleus nor vacuoles, nor do their plasm bodies 
fuse together into a net-work or plasmodium." -Cienkowski gives the 
following description and life-history of three species of Vampyrella: — 
V. Spirogyra fastens its brick-red colored plasm body on the Spirogyra 
and may be seen in profusion. This body is a round mass enclosed in a 
membrane which shews the reaction of cellulose. Externally surrounding 
this membrane is a nitrogenous envelope which our author terms the veil, 
(velum), found only, or mostly, on the young cell (fig. 37). The content of 
this cell is red colored, uniform at the periphery, but towards the centre 
mixed with course granules (38). Fig. 39 shews the development of the 
young Tetraplasts which escape through separate openings of the membrane 
(fig. 40) as red Amoebae ; the granules which represent the remains of 
ingested aliment remaining behind in the cell. As soon as the Tetraplasts 
are free, they appear as round protoplasms, from which rays like those of 
the Actinophrys project (fig. 41). In this state it is a membraneless 
diffluent Amoeboid plasm, having the typical creeping motion. Always 
changing its form, it stretches itself into long thread-like streams, (fig 42) 
and recovers its form by drawing itself up again into a ball (fig. 43). The 
substance is purely granular, and of brick-red color, but has neither vacuole 
nor nucleus. The rays also project to great distance, or retract into the 
central mass ; sometimes a thicker club or waved protuberance is seen. 
Both rays and club-like projection are hyaline, clear and colorless ; and 
granules may be seen at different points, moving along the rays backwards 
as well as forwards, (fig. 44) and this movement of granules distinguishes 
the V. Amseba from others which in other respects are exactly like them. 
(Rhizopod character ? ) 
The mode of feeding is as follows :— 
After gliding along the stems of the Spirogyra (a Conferva) it fastens on 
a healthy joint ; after a moment the conferva stem appears as if suddenly 
jerked, and at the same moment the primordial sheath within sinks in just 
where the Monad has fixed itself (fig. 35). Shortly after, the chlorophyll 
contents together with the sheath is slowly drawn into the Monad's body. 
The animal having emptied one joint, which it takes about twelve minutes 
to do, creeps on to another and repeats the process until it is full, upon 
