1 8 
up of the once wide-spread continuous beds has somehow or other taken 
place. 
In the Herrylock and Boyce's Bay cliff-section, the Old Eed and the 
Carboniferous Limestone were evidently deposited, from the lowest bed to 
the uppermost, during a period of comparative tranquillity, and were 
therefore free from any disturbance in position or succession. I may 
mention that in Ireland there are upwards of one hundred different locali- 
ties where junctions occur of Old Eed with the rocks that lie beneath it. 
It is quite evident that after the disturbing forces had bent and folded the 
older stratified slaty rocks, a powerful denuding agency planed down 
or broke off, and swept away the summits of the anticlinal ridges which 
rose highest above the undulating surface, leaving the beds tilted as if 
thrown up on their edges and standing on end, as seen in the part of the 
section which I shall presently notice. On these upturned strata the con- 
glomerate of the Old Red Sandstone began to lay the first course or 
foundation stones of a new formation, and this was always the case with- 
out reference to the quality of the rocks on which the superstructure was 
about to be raised, and in which period a new zone of organic life corn- 
commenced to develope itself. 
From Herrylock to Templetown Bay the grey slate cliffs gradually 
increase in height until they are abruptly cut off by the great mass of Old 
Red Sandstone known as Broom Hill. Against this bold and rugged 
headland the slate strata dip in the opposite direction to those in the ad- 
joining bay a little more to the south, and appear to rest against the head- 
land as if the ponderous mass of Old Red had shouldered them up from 
below, but how this could possibly be it is difficult to imagine, unless on 
the supposition that a succession of downthrows and upward movements 
had inverted and destroyed the original sequence of position. 
A similar but more decided case of inverted strata may be seen at 
Ballyglan on the opposite side of the estuary, where the Old Red evidently 
dips under the slates. As this apparent inversion of rock masses, the 
newer strata seeming to dip under the more ancient formation, is exactly 
opposite to Broom Hill, in all probability the same movement that pro- 
duced one inversion occasioned the other. 
In Dollar Bay some remarkable foldings are seen, and which are repre- 
sented in the drawings. Next comes another cliff-section where the strata 
appear to have been bent and broken in every conceivable way and then 
squeezed into a pile of confused and fractured beds. But even here we 
can recognise the shattered slates which servo as an index to the whole 
