8 
NOTES ON THE PRINCIPLES 
HARMONY. 
The Hindus have as yet made very little advance in the 
knowledge of Harmony^ or the simultaneous union of differ- 
ent musical sounds^ though they have discovered its first 
principles^ these having teen revealed to them by the 
phenomena observed in the vibration of strings. Here are 
the rules they g-ive : — ■ 
1st Rule. — Any note and its jDerfect fifth will barmonize 
together, the first will be tbe fundamental one, the other 
they call the ornamental one, as when C and G are played 
together ; if G be harmonized with D a fifth higher G will 
be called C and D, G ; that is, as G becomes the funda- 
mental note, it is termed Sa, (or C), and D assumes the 
name of Pa (or G being the ornamental (or dominant ac- 
cording to our system) . This clearly illustrates what has been 
said before with regard to their retaining the same name 
for whatever note becomes the tonic or key note, and 
so on for the other notes related to that tonic. 
If C and F be heard together a fourth apart, F will become 
Tonic (or Sa,) and C will be the dominant and take the 
name (Pa), or, according to our notation, F will assume the 
name of C, and C that of G. The perfect fifth is considered 
a perfect consonance,, as with us. 
2nd Rule. — Any note and its perfect fourth may har- 
monize together, but the fourth is considered an imperfect 
consonance. 
