OF BHARATAVARSA OR IKDIA. 
39 
tvith the navy of Hiram ; once in three years came the navy of 
Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and opes, and 
peacocks.'" ^ The expression for peacocks is fukkiyyim, a word 
derived from the Grauda-Dravidian foka [tokai or togai), 
which originally signifies the tail of a peacock and eventually 
a peacock itself. It exists in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, 
Kanarese, Grondi and elsewhere. The identification of tnkki 
(fUki) with (olcai is very old indeed, and is already quoted aa 
well known in the early editions of the Hebrew dictionary 
of Wilhelm Gesenius.' The mere fact that the sailors of 
Solomon and Hiram designated a special Indian article by a 
Gauda-Dravidian word, renders it probable that the inhabi- 
tants with whom they traded were Gauda-Dravidians and 
that Gauda-Dravidian was the language of the country. The 
Aryan infiuence could at that time hardly have been strong 
enough to supplant the current vernaculai^ or to force upon 
it a Prakritised Aryan term. Moreover, the peacock is a 
well-known bird, common all over India, and it is highly 
improbable that the Gauda-Dravidians should have waited 
for the arrival of the Aryans to name it, or should have 
dropped their own term in order to adopt in its stead an 
Aryan one. The vocal resemblance between the Hebrew 
Jwph and the Sanskrit kapi is most likely accidental. The 
ancient Egyptians, who kept monkeys in their temples, 
called a monkey kdf. Besides it cannot at all be assumed 
that the sailors of the fieet of Tharshish did not know 
monkeys. May not koph, kdf, kapi, &c., after all be an 
OnomatopoiMikon ? Another word which proves the connection 
of the Gauda-Dravidians with foreign nations is supplied by 
^ The Hebrew words in 1 Kings, x. 22, are : Oni Tharsla noseth sdhdb 
vdlceseph senhabbim veqoplivm vetlnikkiyyim. 2 Chronicles, ix. 21, has a long 
u and reads rethukkiyym. The derivation of senhabbim is still doubtful. 
' See also my lecture On the Ancient Commerce of India, p. 25. The 
derivation of Abnuggim or Algumnvim from valgit as the sandalwood is called 
in different places, 1 Kings, x. 11, 12, and 2 Chronicles, ii. 7 ; ix. 10, 11, 
is very doubtful, and I hesitate to derive it from Sanski-it. 
