OF BHARATAVAR8A OB INDIA. 
65 
the Paratas and Paravar, and their kindred the Maratha 
Paravnri and Dravidian Parheyas of Palamau is striking. 
It is also not impossible that the country Parasa, which 
corresponds to Northern Baluchistan and not to Persia, and 
is mentioned in Hiuen-Tsiang's travels, contains the same 
name. The interchange of r and / is equally apparent in 
the name of the Maras or Malas of Palamau, who derive 
their origin from Malva. The connecting link between the 
Brahuis and the ancient Dravidians through the Bhars, 
Parheyas, Mars and Malas, &c., seems to be thus established.^^ 
The Bars or Bhars. 
After the Brahuis the aboriginal Indian race of the Bars 
or Bhars claims our attention. The earliest mention of them 
is foimd in Ptolemy VII, 2, 20, where they are called 
33 The late Dr. Trumpp was fully persuaded of the Dravidian character of 
the Brahui language. With respect to the explanation of the name most 
authorities seem to admit that the first syllable Bra is originally dissyllabic. 
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society contains in vol. XIX, pp. 59-135 
"An Essay on the Brahui Grammar" after the German of the late 
Dr. Trumpp, of Munich University, by Dr. Theodore Duka, M.R.A.S., 
Surgeon -Major, Bengal Army. On p. 64 we read : " The national name, 
" Br4h6i is pronounced in several ways. Nicolson and Maulawi Alia Bux 
*' spell it Biruhi (that is Biroohi or Bironhi), but we must not forget that 
' ' Biruh'i ( f^^^j ) is a Sindhi word, and it is therefore difficult to say how 
the people in question call themselves. In Nicolson's Reader the word 
" occurs twice written ^yi\^ J which cannot be pronounced otherwise than 
" Br&hdi or Birahdi, and this should, therefore, be adopted as the proper 
*' pronunciation of the word." 
This statement is not quite correct ; it can as well be pronounced Barahtn, 
for large, is pronounced bard, and f\j>, abreast, bardbar, &c. 
According to Mr. C. Masson Brahui is a corruption of Ba-roh-i. 
The word Brahui appears to indicate a highlander, for a tribe of the Baluchis 
is called Nhdrui, not a hiU man, i.e., a dweller in the plain. The Nharuis 
"may be considered to hold the same place with reference to the Brahuis that 
'lowlanders' do to ' highlanders '." See The Country of Balochistan, hj 
A. W. Hughes, p. 29. 
My derivation appears thus to have a good foundation. 
See Dr. Fr. Buchanan's Eastern India, edited by M. Martin, vol. II, p. 
126 : " The northern tribe consider their southern neighbours as brethren, 
and call them Maler, the name which they give themselves ; but the southern 
tribe, shocked at the impurity of the others, deny this consanguinity, and 
