Eastman's bromide paper. 
147 
would require 4 minutes' exposure at 2 feet distance from 
the light, would only take one minute at one foot, so that it 
would save time, and consequently be more convenient to 
print it at this distance. Again, an extra thin negative that 
would take 4 seconds' exposure at 2 feet distance would he 
more manageable, if given 16 seconds at 4 feet. On this 
principle a pleasing effect may often be given to an other- 
wise hard looking horizon, by placing the negative during 
exposure in a sloping position, so that the foreground^ by 
being nearer to the light, gets more boldly printed than 
the distance. 
The formulae and instructions enclosed by the makers in 
each packet of this paper^ shoidd be carefully followed. 
Avoirdupois weight and wine measure being used in America, 
their one ounce contains 7,000 grains, and the quart 16 
oimces. The quantities given are as near as possible — one 
part oxalate to three parts water, and one part iron sulphate 
to two parts water ; or, what is the same thing practically, 
they are saturated solutions at 60° F. When making up 
the iron solution, the water should be acidulated before the 
iron is added, this will often correct any slight oxidation the 
crystals may have, and give a solution free from brown tinge. 
Sulphuric or citric acid seem to have a more marked effect 
this way than acetic acid. For landscape negatives, where 
contrast is wanted, the quantity of bromide should at least 
be doubled, but where contrast is already secured, as in build- 
ings, rocky scenery, &c., the quantity recommended in the 
printed instructions will be ample ; if ordinary acetic acid, i.e., 
" glacial " at 30° F. is used, double the quantity must be given. 
Development must of course be done in non-actinic light, 
A kerosine hand chamber-lamp, or piano candlestick, with a 
jacket of two folds of golden fabric slipped over it, is as good 
a light as any. The paper is first immersed in a tray of 
clean water, care being taken that it is completely covered. 
This can be done either by pouring water on to any unwetted 
