174 
HINTS TO COIN-COLLECTOES 
silver, copper, and tutenag,!" new stamp usually marking 
the rule of each successive governor. These coins generally 
bear on one side the coat of arms of Portugal, so frequently 
seen over the entrance porches of the Goanese churches in 
St. Thome and elsewhere, surmounted by a cro-mi and 
having in the field one or more of the letters mentioned 
above, indicative of the place of mintage. The gold coins I 
have seen bear on the obverse this design and on the reverse 
usually the cross of the order of Clirist or of St. Thomas^ 
with the value in the two upper comers, 
PL III, No. 38. ^ „ . . , ^ , 
and year of mintage in the two lower. 
The later silver coins (Rupias and Pardaos) usually bear the 
same coat of arms and mint mark, but on the reverse the 
head of (he reigning monarch with the 
PI. Ill, No. 39. . , M T . 
value of the com, while the earner issues 
follow the same type as the gold. A few early issues, and 
in one or two instances later ones also, bear the cross, while 
some few of very recent mintage have on one side the effigy 
of the king surrounded by the usual inscription, and on 
the other the words EUPIA GO A or merely RUPIA in a 
wreath of leaves. The copper coins (of 
PI. Ill Nos. 40, 41. . . 
which I figure two as fairly character- 
istic of the series, viz., a tanga of D. Pedro Y and apiece 
of 1 5 reis of the same king) are so multitudinous in number 
and in form of design that even in a far more extensive 
paper than the present it would be hopeless to attempt 
to describe them at all in detail, nor is such my object 
here, but rather to call attention to the more prominent 
marks on the common coins, so as to assist the t^TO in their 
identification, and where possible to poiut out those authori- 
ties from which more detailed accounts can be obtained. As 
in the coins in the more precious metals, the coat of anns of 
the country usually finds a place on one side of the copper 
issues and on the other sometimes a cross with the numerals 
A base uietal said to corresponu with the '' gong " metal of China. 
