70 
THE COSMOGONT 
all the gods " (R.V., I. 1 60, 4) . " Desire arose in ' that one ' 
who was before all things, and this the wise have discerned to 
be the bond between nonentity and entity" (R.V.^ X. 129, 4). 
" Brahmanaspati blew forth all the births of the gods like 
a blacksmith (R.V., X. 72, 2). " Hiranygarbha, the one 
bom lord of things existing, arose in the beginning and 
established the earth and the sky" (R.V., X. 121, 1). ^'Praja- 
pati established all the worlds^ and produced from his upper 
and lower breaths both gods and mortal creatures" (Sat. Br., 
X. 1, 3, 1). " Skamba established the earth, the sky, and the 
six wide regions " (A.V., X. 35). " Yaruna by his might 
propped asunder the wide firmaments ; he lifted on high the 
bright and glorious heaven ; he stretched out apart the 
starry sky and the earth " (E.V., VII. 86, 1). " Indra 
established the earth and this sky, and, wonder working, 
produced the sun and the dawn " (R.V., III. 32_, 8) . " Surya, 
the most active of the active gods, produced the heaven and 
the earth which are beneficient to all " (R.Y., I. 160, 4). 
" Agni upheld the broad earth, he supported the sky -n-ith 
true hymns " (E.V.^ I. 67, 3). " In the beginning Brahma 
was the source of all things ! He created the gods and 
placed them in this world, in the atmosphere, and in the 
sky" (Sat. Br., XI. 2, 3, 1). " Rohita established heaven 
and earth, by him the sky was supported, by him the heaven" 
(A.Y., XIII. 7). 
Section III. — Thkee Modes of Creation. 
While all vedic cosmogonies agree in ascribing the pro- 
duction of the universe to an omnipotent intelligent being, 
they differ as to the mode in which he produced it. Some 
represent it as the result of his power without pre-existing 
matter, or creation ovk ovtcov ; others, as the result of his 
power acting on eternally pre-existing matter, or creation 
e'/c Twv ovtcov; and others represent it as a phenomenal 
emanation of the deity, irpooSoi. 
