Chap. LI. 
e ABD EL KA'DER. 
441 
their dominion and sway, made an inroad also into 
Bagirmi about thirty years ago ; but they were driven 
back, and revenge was taken by a successful expe- 
dition being made by the Bagirmaye against Bogo, 
one of the principal Fiilbe settlements to the east of 
Wandala or Mandara, which I have mentioned on my 
journey to A'damawa and the expedition to Musgu. 
In the meantime, while the country suffered severely 
from this uninterrupted course of external and in- 
ternal warfare, 'Othman seems to have made an 
attempt to enter into communication with Kanem, 
probably in order to open a road to the coast by 
the assistance of the WeMd Sliman, or, as they are 
called here, Minne-minne, who, by a sudden change 
of circumstances, had been obliged to seek refuge in 
those very border-districts of Negroland with which 
their chief 'Abd el Jelil had become acquainted in the 
course of his former slave-hunting expeditions. 
Altogether 'Othman Bugoman appears to have 
been a violent despot, who did not scruple to plunder 
either strangers or his own people ; and he cared so 
little about any laws, human or divine, that it is 
credibly asserted that he married his own daughter.^ 
But he appears to have been an energetic man, and 
at times even generous and liberal. He died in the 
last month of the year 1260, or about the end of 
the year 1844 of our era, and was succeeded by his 
eldest son f Abd el Kader, the present ruler of Bagirmi, 
* According to others he married also his sister. It seems that 
some attribute similar crimes to his father. 
