Chap. LI. VEGETABLE PRODUCE. 
449 
mention the tamarind-tree, or "ardeb," called "raids" 
by the people of Bagirmi, — a tree as useful for 
its fruit, as it is beautiful on account of its foliage. 
The tamarind-fruit, in my opinion, constitutes the 
best and surest remedy for a variety of diseases, 
on account of its refreshing and cooling character. 
Next in order is the deleb-palm, here called " kawe," 
which is very common in several parts of the country, 
although far more so in the outlying provinces to- 
wards the south; the dum-palm (" kolongo "), which, 
although not so frequent, is nevertheless found in 
considerable numbers in many parts of the country; 
the hajilij, or Balanites JEgyptiaca ("janga "), of which 
not only the fruit is eaten, but the leaves also are 
used as vegetables, like those of the monkey-bread 
tree — the latter does not seem to be very frequent ; 
the k6rna or Cornus (" kirna "), and the sycamore 
("bili"). Many trees very common in Hausa, such 
as the kadena, or Bassia Parkii, and the dor6wa 
(Parkia), are never seen here, at least not in those 
districts which I visited; but Croton tiglium ("habb 
el meluk") is frequent, and I myself took a supply 
of this powerful purgative with me on my return 
from this country. 
There are no mines. Even the iron is brought 
from the exterior provinces, especially a place called 
Giirgara, distant from twenty to twenty-five miles 
from the river, where the sandstone seems to contain 
a great deal of iron ore. Natron is brought from the 
Bahr el Ghazal. 
VOL. III. G G 
