Chap. LI. ARMS. — LANGUAGE. — DRESS. 
451 
enough to purchase swords ("k&skara"), which they 
are not able to manufacture themselves; and few even 
wear that sort of dagger ("kiyd") on the left arm, 
which, in imitation of the Taw&rek, has been intro- 
duced into a great part of Negroland. 
As for their physical features, I have already 
touched on this subject repeatedly. I will only say 
that they are a fine race of people, distinct from the 
Kaniiri, but intimately related, as their language 
shows, to the tribe of the Kiika and several other 
tribes to the east. Their language they themselves 
call "tar Bagrimma." Their adoption of Islam is 
very recent ; and the greater part of them may, even 
at the present day, with more justice be called 
pagans than Mohammedans. They possess very little 
learning, only a few natives, who have performed 
the pilgrimage, being well versed in Arabic, such 
as Bii-Bakr Sadik ; but not a single individual pos- 
sesses any learning of a wider range. This exists 
only among the Fellata, or foreigners from Waday. 
The only industrial arts in which they have made 
a little progress are those of dyeing and weaving, 
both of which they have also introduced into the 
kingdom of Waday, although in their own country a 
great deal of the weaving and dyeing is carried on by 
Kaniiri people. Black tobes are worn by the men to 
a much greater extent than in B6rnu,even the bolne or 
tiirkedi, which generally forms the only dress of the 
females, as well as the upper garment or " debdalena," 
being dyed black. Tight shirts, or tarkiji, which in 
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