454 
TRAVELS IN AFRICA. 
Chap. LI. 
two different kinds, viz. in corn and cotton strips. 
The tribute in corn, which corresponds to the tsidiram 
maibe in Bornu and the kiirdi-n-kassa in Hausa, is 
here called motten-banga, or, as it is generally pro- 
nounced, motten-banki, while the tribute in cotton 
strips bears the name " f&rda-n-banga." But many- 
places have to deliver also a tribute in butter, 
although the Shiiwa, or, as they are here called, 
Shlwa, (the native Arabs) are the principal purveyors 
of this article to the court. 
The Shlwa of Bagirmi belong principally to the fol- 
lowing tribes : — Salamat, Bern Hassan, Welad Miisa 
(a very warlike tribe), Welad 'All, the Deghaghera, 
— who live scattered over the whole country, but 
occupy some villages almost exclusively for them- 
selves. The principal tribute which these Arabs have 
to pay consists of cattle, and is called "jengal;" it 
is very considerable. But whether these Arabs of 
Bagirmi, like those settled in Bornu, have also to 
deliver to the king all the male horses, I am not 
quite sure ; however, I think that is the case. 
The most considerable tribute, however, which the 
sultan levies consists of slaves, which the tributary 
pagan provinces have to pay to him, — especially the 
chiefs of Miltu, Dam, Somray, and all the others of 
whose territories and power we obtain some infor- 
mation from the itineraries I have collected.* This 
tribute of slaves constitutes the strength and riches of 
the king of Bagirmi, who is always endeavouring to 
extend his sway over the neighbouring pagan tribes. 
* See Appendix IX, 
