482 
APPENDIX. 
This town, which it was our ardent desire to visit, and 
which we most probably should have reached if the Welad 
Sliman had undertaken that expedition, on which we accom- 
panied them, with the whole of their little troop, instead of 
allowing half of it to go to Kukawa, seems to be situated 
about 20 miles S.S.E. from Henderi Siggesi, and is at present 
only thinly inhabited, its population probably not exceeding 
3000 or 4000, though the circuit of the town is said to be still 
of considerable magnitude. It is surrounded with a wall, 
and is adorned with a great many date-trees. It is the 
residence of a khalifa, whose power is of the most pre- 
carious and uncertain condition, as its existence depends 
entirely on the relative supremacy of either Waday or Bornu. 
The consequence is, that there are generally two khalifas — 
one actually in power, and the other watching to expel him 
at the first opportunity, with the assistance of one of the 
patronising powers — Mohammed Saleh, the father of the 
celebrated king of Waday ' Abd el Kerim Sabun, having sue- 
ceeded to the pretensions which the Bulala, the princes of the 
provinces of Fittri and Kuka (then swallowed by the empire 
of Waday), possessed by conquest over the kingdom of 
Kanem. 
But, to return to Mawo, there is a market held in the town 
every Wednesday ; but, on account of the very insecure state 
of the country, it cannot possibly be now of any great impor- 
tance. The inhabitants seem to belong to a peculiar race ; 
for the Teda Guraan call them by the name of Beranema, the 
origin and meaning of which I was not able to make out with 
certainty, but which may seem to have some connection with 
the name Bornu, although it can scarcely have any relation 
to the name Berauni, given to the Teda themselves by the 
Kel-owi and other foreigners. 
Between Mawo and Henderi Siggesi there appear to be several 
favoured valleys, where the date-tree grows in more or less 
abundance. The most famous are the large valley called 
Karafu, or Karfu, a few miles from Mawo, under the authority 
