534 
APPENDIX. 
severe famine., it only required the assistance of two captains 
or agade, viz. f Abd e' Sid, and f Abd el Fat-ha, to conquer 
Waday, while none but the Kamkolak of the tribe of the 
Kodoyi made a serious resistance, though without success. 
Mohammed Saleh, who thus ascended the throne with the 
assistance of a foreign power, in the month Tom el awel, 
in the year 1250 H., may certainly be said to have exerted 
himself for the benefit of his country, though the last years 
of his reign have been rather unfortunate, as well for himself 
for his subjects. 
The first enterprise which he undertook in order to enrich 
his subjects, or perhaps himself, and with the purpose of ex- 
tending his dominion, was an expedition against Karka or 
Kargha, the district composed of islands and half-submerged 
meadow-lands and pasture-grounds in the south-east corner of 
the Tsad, which I have described in my account of Kanem, 
and from whence he carried away a great number of cattle. 
Perhaps, also, one reason why he undertook this expedition 
was the circumstance that another member of the royal 
family, namely, Nur e' Din, who by Yusuf and Furba was 
descended directly from Saleh Derret, had retired into that 
swampy and almost inaccessible district, and, owing to the 
influence which he obtained over the neighbouring tribes, 
might have risen as a pretender at a future time. The next 
year Mohammed Saleh marched against the Tama, that very 
intractable and predatory tribe settled in a mountainous dis- 
trict four days N.E. from Wara, and, having conquered 
them and slain their chief, invested another man with his 
authority; but the Tama having driven this person away 
after the king had retraced his steps, Mohammed Saleh was 
obliged to make another expedition against them the follow- 
ing year, when he subdued them once more, and made them 
acknowledge as their chief a person called Tbrahim. 
After this, in the year 1846, he undertook that expedition 
against Bornu, of which I have given a short account in the 
chronological table of the history of that empire, and which 
