539 
APPENDIX VII. 
ETHNOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF WA'DA'Y. 
Waday in every respect is as yet a young empire, where 
the most heterogeneous elements subsist together side by 
side, with almost unrestricted power, weakening and debili- 
tating the whole body. Nevertheless the variety of those 
elements in a territory of so considerable an extent as Waday 
is not at all marvellous and extraordinary in this part of the 
world, the number of the different languages spoken there not 
exceeding that of the different languages spoken in the cir~ 
cumference of Fumbina ; and even in Bornu, where, by a 
system of centralization, several tribes have in the course of 
time been almost entirely annihilated, the number of lan- 
guages spoken at the present day exceeds fifteen. 
As for Waday, there are first to be separated the two 
large groups of the indigenous or immigrant Negro tribes, on 
the one hand, and that of the Arab tribes on the other. I 
shall first consider the Negro tribes, of which I give a com- 
plete list, adding in each place a few observations with regard 
to their strength and their political power. As for their 
affinity to each other, little can as yet be stated with 
certainty, vocabularies of their languages not being at hand ; 
and I myself was not able to procure more than three, 
namely, vocabularies of the language of the principal stock 
or the Maba, of the Kiika, and of the A'byi or A'bti Sharib. 
With regard to their dwelling-places, they will be better 
ascertained from the collection of itineraries than from this 
account. 
