CURRENCY AND MANUFACTURES. 
559 
the time of the harvest ; while a cow is said to fetch from 
thirty to thirty-six weba, but the bullock only from sixteen 
to twenty. 
Manufactures and Productions. — It is clear that in a 
newly-founded kingdom, such as that of Waday, composed 
of a mere agglomeration of almost entirely barbarous tribes, 
there can only be very few manufactures, or rather none at 
all, except the roughest productions of industry, such as 
weapons and rural implements, made from the iron found in 
the country, while besides iron, copper alone is found, namely, 
in Runga, and in small proportion in the wadi called 
Jelingak. Indeed the Waclawy themselves do not even 
know how to make use of the fine indigo found in their 
country, in order to dye their clothes, or rather their shirts, 
as there are very few persons who are able to afford anything 
better than this most essential article of dress. It is even 
stated that before the time when the considerable spoil was 
carried away from Bagirmi by c Abd el Kerim Sabun, the 
great majority of the people of Waday were clad in nothing 
but the well-known faruwa. As for the business carried on 
with indigo, it is entirely in the hands of Bagirmi, or Bornu 
people, established in Waday ; but the Bornu people are the 
most famous and numerous, and their settlements in the 
country, to which great importance is attached on this ac- 
count, are the following: — The greatest fame for giving the 
finest tint of indigo to the clothes has been obtained by 
the inhabitants of Jemil e' Sid, a place situated two short 
days S. W. from Wara, and second to it is Birbashon, another 
settlement of Bornu people, situated between Jemil e' Sid 
and Wara ; west from J emil e' Sid, there is another dyeing 
settlement called Shalla, and close to it Leyin, and likewise 
Biren, a somewhat larger place, situated on the Beteha, two 
days S.W. from Wara. Other Bornu dyers are established 
in Kamngala (two days south of Wara), and in Derdigi (one 
day south from the former), while others again have settled in 
