42 
DIPTERA 
of which the middle one is quite distinct; from the other Sciophilina they may be separated by the wing 
venation. 
Type species : P. sciarina, Mik. 
Geographical distribution of species : 
1. P. difficilis, Dziedzicki, Pamietnik Fizyjograf, Vol. 5 (sep), p. 6 (i), pi. 4, East Europe. 
f. 16-21 (i885). 
2. P. sciarina, Mik, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 24, p. 33 1 (2), pi. 7, Central Europe. 
f. 2 (1874). 
An undescribed species occurs also in the United States. 
12. Genus EMPALIA, Winnertz 
Empalia, Winnertz, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. i3, p. 762 (i863). 
CFiaracters. — Head, eyes, antennae, and legs as with Sciophila (^Lasiosoma). Ocelli three in 
number, the laterals large, the middle one small, placed in a nearly straight transverse line, somewhat 
separated from each other, on the broad front. Palpi four jointed, incurved, the first joint small, the • 
second twice as long, the third longer than the first two taken together, the fourth filiform, half again 
as long as the third. Thorax small, oval, highly arched, mesonotum short haired and without setae; 
scutellum small. Abdomen seven segmented, constricted at the base, tapering toward the apex; in the 
male compressed, in the female cylindrical, the ovipositor ending in two small lamellae; the hairs short 
and appressed. Wing elongate oval, with rounded base, shorter or not longer than the abdomen, micros- 
copically hairy. Costa produced far beyond the tip of R4+5, but not reaching the tip of the wing; the 
subcosta ends over the very small cell Rj in the costa ; Scg (subcostal crossvein) proximad of the small 
cell; petiole of the fork of the media longer than the R-M crossvein; cubitus forks proximad of the fork 
of the media, but distad of the R-M crossvein; anal vein very short and incomplete (PI. 4, Fig. 4). 
Winnertz reared specimens of this genus from rotten stems of Carpinus befiiliis. 
Type species : E. vitripennis, Meigen. 
GeograpKiical distribution of species : 
— E. stylifera, Grzegorzek, see Palaeoempalia. 
1. E. subtriangiilaris, Meunier (fossil), Mon. Mycetoph. etc. p. 120. pi. 10, Baltic amber. 
f. 8 (1904). 
2. E. iibialis, Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 23, p. 5g6 [Poly- United States. 
Itpta) (1901). 
^. E. vitripennis. Meigen. Syst. Beschr. Vol. i , p. 25 1 (i3) (Sa'o/A/7a) (1818). Central Europe. 
vitripennis, Winnertz, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. i3,p. 763 (1) (i863); 
Schiner, Fauna Austr. Dipt. Vox. 2. p, 451 (1864). 
13. Genus PAL/^EOEMPALIA, Meunier 
Palaeoempalia. Meunier, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 218 (1897). 
Characters. — This genus, erected to contain fossil forms, will, as here defined, include also one 
recent species. The principal difference between this and the foregoing genus is that in this the cubitus 
forks under or proximad of the R-M crossvein. The small cell Rj also usually appears to be rather longer 
here than in Empalia. In other respects there appears to be no difference (PI. 4, Fig. 5). 
