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ANTHROPOLOGY: KIDDER AND GUERNSEY Proc. N. A. S. 
authors. Its leading traits were: houses of coursed masonry, the rooms 
rectangular and arranged in series to form, when the site permitted, 
definite pueblos; subterranean ceremonial rooms or kivas; crania with 
strong occipital deformation and apparently originally brachycephalic ; 
cultivation of several varieties of corn, as well as of cotton and beans; 
domestication of the turkey and use of its plumage for feather-string cloth ; 
use of the bow and arrow; manufacture of great quantities of pottery of 
distinctive types, black-on-white, red-and-yellow, red, and corrugated. 
The interrelation of the above three groups was not understood. The 
Basket-maker was obviously the earliest, the Slab-house next, and the 
Cliff-dweller-Pueblo latest; but whether they were to be regarded as stages 
in the development of a single people, or whether they represented suc- 
cessive occupations of the region by two or even three different tribes, 
could not be decided on the basis of the evidence available. 
2. The explorations of 1920 in Sagi Canyon have added many new data. 
A few Basket-maker remains were found in various caves; these ran en- 
tirely true to the previously established type and, as usual, showed no 
admixture of later material (Slab-house or Cliff-dweller- Pueblo) . Fur- 
thermore, a hitherto unrecognized culture came to light. At the west 
end of a large cave were unearthed rooms with slab foundations and 
stone and adobe superstructures; in and about the rooms was rubbish 
which yielded the following material: rough undecorated pottery of dis- 
tinctive shapes, mostly black, some gray, a very little red, no trace of 
coiling; many sandals elaborately decorated in relief work and in colors, 
with a broad scallop across the toe end of each; handsomely ornamented 
woven carrying straps; crudely made twined bags. There was no cotton 
or turkey-feather cloth. In front of the cave lay a small burial mound 
containing skeletons with long, undeformed crania and accompanied by 
pottery identical with that from the rooms. 
In the same cave, but farther to the east were discovered burials of the 
Slab-house culture; the identification was made by means of typical 
Slab-house vessels deposited with the bodies. The individuals had 
strongly deformed skulls. With them were: a large decorated carrying 
basket of a type not found with Basket-maker burials; cotton cloth; 
turkey-feather cloth; a complete bow and part of another; a twilled yucca 
ring-basket; a carrying strap of Cliff-dweller-Pueblo type; and a piece of 
rush matting. No house-structures associable with these graves were 
found, but the site was only partially excavated. 
At the eastern end of the cave was a group of typically Cliff-dweller- 
Pueblo rooms, containing an equally typical assortment of pottery, 
textiles, sandals and other objects of the Cliff-dweller-Pueblo period. 
3. Present Status of the Investigation. — The Basket-maker culture is 
still to be considered the earliest in the region. A second culture, which 
we call the Post-Basket-maker, followed the Basket-maker. Its probable 
