80 
CHEMISTRY: MENZIES AND WRIGHT P^oc. N. A. S. 
the tube is still wet with condensate and filled with vapor. 
A simple water-filled differential thermometer suffices for the range of 
temperature from the boiling-point of water to that of ether, thus em- 
bracing the use of such other solvents as carbon bisulphide; acetone; 
chloroform; methyl, ethyl and propyl alcohols; ethyl formate, acetate and 
iodide; carbon tetrachloride and benzene; and allowing a choice adequate 
for ordinary purposes. No "setting" of the thermometer for the use of 
different liquids is required. 
Details of procedure and of results will be given in more complete publi- 
cations elsewhere. Different sets of determinations with the same ma- 
terials, carried out on different days, yield results concordant within one- 
half of one per cent. In spite of the simplicity of the apparatus, we ven- 
ture to think that this form of the ebullioscopic method compares favor- 
ably with the customary form of the cryoscopic method in ease and speed 
of operation as well as in precision of results. 
1 References to the numerous papers of Beckmann and his collaborators may be 
found in the work of Jellinek, C, Stuttgart, Lehrbuch der Physikalischen Chemie, 2, 
1915 (783 et seq.). 
2 Hite, Baltimore, Md., Amer. Chem. J., 17, 1895 (514). 
3 Orndorff and Cameron, Ibid., 17, 1895 (517). 
4 Jones, H. C, Easton, Pa., The Freezing-Point, Boiling-Point and Conductivity 
Methods, 1912. 
6 Innes, R., London, J. Chem. Soc, 81, 1902 (682). 
6 Meyer and Desamari, Berlin, Ber. deut. Chem. Ges., 42, 1909 (797). 
7 Drucker, Leipzig, Z. phys. Chem., 74, 1910 (612). 
8 Sakurai, London, J. Chem. Soc, 61, 1892 (989). 
9 Landsberger, Berlin, Ber. deut. Chem. Ges., 31, 1898 (461). 
10 Walker and Lumsden, London, J. Chem. Soc, 73, 1898 (502). 
12 McCoy, H., Baltimore, Md., Amer. Chem. J., 23, 1900 (502). 
13 Smits, A., Amsterdam, Proc. Akad. Wetens., 3, 1900 (86). 
14 Rijber, Berlin, Ber. deut. Chem. Ges., 34, 901 (1060). 
16 Ludlam, London, J. Chem. Soc, 81, 1902 (1193). 
16 Erdmann and Unruh, Hamburg, Z. anorg. Chem., 32, 1902 (413). 
17 Lehner, Berlin, Ber. deut. Chem. Ges., 36, 1903 (1104). 
18 Turner, London, J. Chem. Soc, 97, 1910 (1184). 
19 Bigelow, Baltimore, Md., Amer. Chem. J., 22, 1899 (280). 
20 Cottrell, Easton, Pa., J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 41, 1919 (721). 
21 Smits, A., Leipzig, Z. phys. Chem., 39, 1902 (415); Burt, London, J. Chem. Soc, 
85, 1904 (339) ; Drucker, loc. cit.; Beckmann, Leipzig, Z. phys. Chem., 79, 1912 (565) ; etc. 
22 Beckmann, loc. cit.; Washburn and Read, Easton, Pa., J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 41, 
1919 (729); Sluiter, Amsterdam, Proc. Akad. Wet., 17, 1914 (1043). 
23 Menzies, A. W. C, Easton, Pa., J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 32, 1910 (1615). 
24 The complete apparatus, with both boiling-tube and water-filled thermometer of 
Pyrex glass, is furnished by Messrs. Eimer and Amend, 205 Third Avenue, New York, 
N. Y. 
26 Washburn and Read, vide note 22, supra. 
