14 
ZOOLOGY: KOFOID AND SWEZY 
tract of the termites, have also been obscured by the high degree of speciaH- 
zation shown in their motor organelles. In one of these, Joenia, Grassi and 
Foa,^ have figured longitudinal division with the formation of a prominent 
paradesmose which persists until the daughter cells are ready for plasmotomy. 
The paradesmose here, as in other flagellates, is intimately connected with 
the flagella and their related neuromotor structures. 
In Lophomonas the old motor organelles disappear, according to Janicki^ 
who has described division in this form. An entire new motor organelle sys- 
tem is developed from the ends of the paradesmose after completion of divi- 
sion of the nucleus. The exact origin of the paradesmose in this case cannot 
be determined from the figures of Janicki, but it arises from the nuclear- 
neuromotor complex. It remains outside the nuclear membrane, hence is 
evidently a true paradesmose. 
In the remainder of this group mitotic phenomena have not yet been 
described and it is in their morphology only that we must look for relation- 
ships. These are found in the relations of flagella, internal myonemes and 
centroblepharoplasts with their various modifications, the neuromotor sys- 
tem. In Spirotrichonympha Grassi^ has figured, in these structures, relations 
which are comparable with those found in Trichonympha, although much 
simpler. The flagella are arranged in spiral courses around the body start- 
ing from the anterior tip. Each series is accompanied by a slender band or 
myoneme extending along the line of basal granules beneath the surface of 
the body. The number of lines of flagella and myonemes varies slightly in 
the different species. At the anterior tip of the body these are joined in a 
small granular mass, the centroblepharoplast. 
Zulueta^ has figured the same spiral myonemes in Dinenympha without 
the series of flagella outlining their course. A single flagellum arises from the 
end of each myoneme. At the time of division the small granular mass at 
the anterior tip of the body divides, each moiety taking four of the myonemes, 
and forming a paradesmose between them as they separate. This centro- 
blepharoplast acts as the centrosome in the formation of the spindle for the 
division of the nucleus, with its attached myonemes taking the place of the 
astral rays, as in Trichonympha (fig. 2). 
The same relations of motor organelles and internal myonemes, by means 
of which an integrated neuromotor system is formed, may be found through- 
out all the members of this group of organisms. The range in complexity 
extends from the trichomonad t3^e of structure to that shown in Tricho- 
nympha, which exhibits a higher degree of specialization and development 
than do many of the lower Metazoa. This specialization is confined almost 
exclusively to the motor organelles and the accessory structures connected 
with them, the neuromotor system. At the time of division this acts as a 
unit, dividing and half going to each daughter cell. An apparent exception 
to this is found in Lophomonas, but here a part of the old neuromotor system 
