220 PHYSIOLOGY: BENEDICT, MILES AND JOHNSON 
The method of using isolated points, such as those given in table 1, can be 
much improved upon by taking advantage of the fact that the thermal junc- 
tion, when not excessively protected by the cotton batting and hard rubber, 
almost instantaneously assumes the skin temperature. This is particularly the 
case if the junction is moved from one part of the skin to another after the hard 
rubber and cotton have assumed approximately the temperature of the skin. 
When recording the values of isolated points, we have employed a good grade, 
direct reading galvanometer, thus making the apparatus compact and portable. 
The response of the thermal junction is so rapid, however, that when con- 
nected with a sensitive aperiodic instrument, i.e., a string galvanometer, it is 
perfectly possible to move the junction at a moderately rapid rate over the sur- 
TABLE 1 
Records of Skin Temperature under the Clothing 
MED FAN LINE 
Location 
Front 
Forehead 
Second rib 
Fourth rib 
Lower edge breast bone . . 
7 . 0 cm. above umbilicus 
3.0 cm. below umbilicus 
11.5 cm. below umbilicus 
°C. 
31.6 
30.3 
32.1 
33.2 
34.4 
33.4 
31.8 
RIGHT SIDE 
Location 
Front 
Neck 
Nipple line 
Upper chest 
Under breast 
Waist 
Groin 
Thigh 
Shin 
Back 
Shoulder blade (above) 
Shoulder blade (below) 
Waist 
Buttock 
Thigh 
Calf 
Hand 
32.5 
33.6 
33., 
34.4 
34.0 
30.7 
29. 
33.6 
32.5 
33.7 
30.5 
31.0 
28.1 
32.5 
LEFT SIDE 
Location 
Front 
Neck 
Nipple line 
Upper chest 
Under breast 
Waist 
Groin 
Thigh 
Shin 
Back 
Shoulder blade (above) 
Waist 
Buttock 
Thigh 
Calf 
Hand 
face of the body and record photographically a continuous and true tempera- 
ture curve for an infinite number of points on the skin. 
To illustrate our many results obtained by this latter method, two typical 
curves are given in figure 1. These were obtained after the nude subject had 
been exposed to an environmental temperature of 14.6°C. for two and one- 
half hours, the greater part of the time in the standing position. The upper 
curve follows the left mammillary line, while the lower curve was taken in a 
corresponding position on the back. An extraordinary difference in skin tem- 
perature at the different points may be noted, the extreme range on the front 
and back showing differences of 10°C. or more. The rectal temperature taken 
simultaneously was 36.7°C. 
