62 
toner's address. 
seem to have been made to hammer the native 
copper into ornaments and weapons. A few tribes 
manufactured stone pipes of different colors, which 
they carved elaborately and ornamented with peculiar 
figures, perhaps totemic in their character. 
As intimated heretofore, the Indians that have given 
the greatest evidence of improvement all cultivated the 
soil and had comparatively fixed habitations. Tribes 
as they grew powerful elected their chiefs with more 
care, and respected those in authority, decorated their 
bodies with more art, and their ceremonies became 
more comprehensive and impressive. Their villages 
gradually acquired greater permanence and their 
dwellings were constructed with a view to more com- 
fort, and greater solicitude was manifested to provide 
variety and abundance of subsistence. Even this 
meager development was a positive advance along the 
road that leads to civilization, and naturally demanded 
a division of labor. 
As it is quite impossible to follow out in detail the 
habits and usages peculiar to the different tribes of 
North American Indians, and particularly those which 
mark the line of progress toward civilization, I will 
therefore confine my remaining remarks to some points 
in the practice of medicine among them.* I wish, 
*The names applied by Indians themselves to their physicians are 
curious, and I think of sufficient interest to present those I have col- 
lected in a list. The following have been used by different tribes, 
and no doubt many other appellations might be found : 
To desigiiate the physician, who is often also a prophet : 
Jossakeed, ...... Schoolcraft. 
Wabanos, ....... 
Medas, ....... " 
