ROCKY MOUNTAIN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 4/ 
It was my desire to discuss more in detail the evi- 
dences of the great antiquity of the mounds, and to 
bring together the discoveries and facts warranting 
this deduction from the implements found in the tu- 
muli, but time does not permit. I will, however, 
add that the implements and skeletons of recog- 
nized Mound-Builders that have thus far been col- 
lected are perhaps, considering the tens of thousands 
of mounds that exist, fewer than might be supposed. 
Fragments of implements and utensils of intrusive 
occupiers, as well as their skeletons, often found in the 
same mound, complicate the question of race as well 
as that of the period of first deposit. 
Dr. G. A. Otis, U. S. A., has made the osteological 
structure of the prehistoric and Indian races of Amer- 
ica a special study. His admirable collection of crania 
and skeletons from the early burial-places of America 
is a valuable addition to the Army Medical Museum 
in Washington, and is the finest, if we except that of 
the later Pofessor Morton, of Philadelphia, so rich in 
foreign crania, of any in the United States. It contains 
six complete skeletons and one hundred and sixty-four 
crania, and hundreds of incomplete skeletons of Mound- 
Builders. From an examination of these, I am inclined 
to believe they do not represent a race of as large stat- 
ure as the average Indian of the present day. The fol- 
lowing points may be presented as pretty well ascer- 
tained anatomical characteristics strongly marked in 
the Mound-Builders, and in most of the lower races. 
The foramen magnum is farther back toward the occi- 
put than it is in the white man, and examples of 
the persistence of the frontal suture in adult hfe are 
