ROCKY MOUNTAIN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
45 
These earth-works and the archseological antiquities 
obtained from them have for more than a century been 
attracting the occasional notice of our historians and 
scientists. Large coliections of rehcs from them have 
been made by the Smithsonian Institution, by univer- 
sities, and by individuals. The Smithsonian from 
the time of its organization has taken special pains 
to form a cabinet of American antiquities and to 
obtain all possible information relating to the abo- 
riginal races of North America. The first Con- 
tribution to Knowledge, published under Smithson's 
munificent bequest, which has been so judiciously ad- 
ministered by Prof Joseph Henry, was prepared by 
Squier and Davis, and entitled "Ancient Monuments 
of the Mississippi Valley.""^ 
■^The Smithsonian Institution in 1871 published a second quarto 
volume by Mr, Squier, entitled " The Aboriginal Monuments of the 
State of New York," It also issued a volume, by Col. Charles Whit- 
tlesy, entitled '^Ancient Works in Ohio;" also a volume by the same 
author entitled ^'Ancient Mining in Lake Superior." The seventh 
volume of Contributions to Knowledge by the Smithsonian Institution 
contains Dr. Lapham's admirable treatise on the Antiquities of Wis- 
consin. This work is devoted to a delineation of what are denomi- 
nated "animal mounds," which are supposed to have been chiefly 
totemic or symbols of allied families and tribes of Indians. In a few 
instances only have human remains, utensils, and implements been 
found in them. These earth-works are so constructed as to very closely 
resemble particular animals, as the bear, the turtle, eagle, and many 
others, but of gigantic size. In 1855 there was published in the 
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge a work entitled "Archaeology 
of the United States," prepared by Simuel F. Haven. In 1876 a 
carefully-written volume appeared in the Contributions to Knowledge, 
prepared by Dr. Joseph Jones, entitled " Explorations of the Aborig- 
inal Remains of Tennessee," which region of our country is particu- 
larly rich in caves, tumuli, and stone mounds containing archaeological 
remains of a prehistoric race. The same year a volume entitled 
the Archaeological Collection of the United States National Museum" 
