40 
toner's address. 
Colorado and New Mexico, there are still other monu- 
ments in this region which surpass them in the interest 
they excite in the student of archaeology; these are 
the ruins of the peculiar habitations to which I have 
alluded under the name of the cliff-dwellings. In 
some instances, and in close proximity to these cliff- 
houses, are found on high promontories large round 
towers built of stone, as if to serve for lookouts and 
defences to the cliff-houses."^ 
The ruins, most carefully examined, are built of 
stone, and situated along the Rio la Plata, the McElmo, 
and Rio Mancos, in the southwestern corner of Colo- 
rado. The existence of these peculiar remains has 
been noticed by Capt. A. R. Johnston, Lieutenant Ives, 
Colonel Simpson, Sitgreave, Bartlett, Wheeler, New- 
bury, Lieutenant Birney, Oscar Lowe, Dr. H. C. Yar- 
row, and others. They were first, however, graphically 
described by W. H. Jackson and W. H. Holmes, who 
have figured a number of them in Professor Hayden's 
Report on the Geological Survey of the Territories for 
1875. Some of this class of ruins have also been de- 
scribed by Prof E. D. Cope (see Lieutenant Wheeler's 
Annual Report for 1875), and by Abbe Em. Dome- 
nech in his Seven Years' Residence in the Deserts of 
North America, vol. i, p. 201. The description of 
^' Lieut. Col. W. H. Emory, in his Military Reconnoissance of 
New Mexico, p. 133, makes the following remarks : Near the head- 
waters of the Salinas, which runs in a course, it is said, nearly north- 
east and southwest, is a band of Indians called the Soones (possibly 
this is another name for the Zuni Indians), who, in manner, habits, 
and pursuits, are said to resemble the Pimas, except that they 
live in houses scooped from the solid rocks. Many of them are albinos, 
which may be in consequence of their cavernous dwellings." 
