toner's address. 
'^In this sublime inclosure/' says Pidgeon, "there are 
pictures sculptured on the walls representing the sun 
in various positions, rising, noonday, and declining. 
The serpent is also sculptured in the form of a circle, 
with its tail in its mouth, the viper with its mouth 
widely open, the tongueless crocodile, the seven stars, 
the hydra-headed serpent, and huge animal somewhat 
resembling the elephant." There are many delinea- 
tions of animals not existing in America at the present 
day, although similar to those of the polar regions, 
with other tracings strongly resembling Grecian and 
Roman figures. Caves used to some extent for burial 
purposes have been noticed in Kentucky, Tennessee, 
and Indiana, some of which have furnished complete 
skeletons in a good state of preservation."^ 
city of the dead. Malta also boasts of her catacombs, which, although 
not large, are in good preservation. The so-called catacombs of Paris 
were mere quarries and not properly entitled to be called catacombs, 
although of late they are being used as a repository of the human 
remains taken from the crowded cemeteries of the city. 
From remote antiquity caves have been places of retreat by the 
natives, as the lava-beds of Oregon were to the Modoc Indians. 
When the French conquered Algeria, in 1845, several hundred Arabs 
were suffocated in the cave of Dahra, by Colonel Pelissier, who directed 
a fire to be kindled at the entrance. 
Dr. Livingstone in his letters from Africa describes vast caves which 
served as places of refuge for whole tribes with their flocks and house- 
hold implements. 
Desnoyers says, there are at the present ten villages, including 
the church, existing in rocks but slightly modified by man. The caves 
of the Dordogne were inhabited by men and domestic animals during 
the Middle Ages. (W. B. Dawkns' Cave Hunting, p, 6, 7.) 
^Dr. Joseph Jones, in his report on the Exploration of the Aboriginal 
Remains of Tennessee, which forms one of the recent contributions to 
knowledge by the Smithsonian, describes many sepulchral caves, one 
in Warren County, in West Tennessee, first referred to by Haywood, 
