26 
toner's address. 
To comprehend the period of animal Hfe on this 
planet, we have as a matter of course to deal with many 
intricate and complex factors, as well as with very re- 
mote periods of time. Geology holds the key to and 
has already revealed some important facts, not only re- 
garding the formation of the globe, but of the charac- 
ter and forms of early life upon it. And palaeontology 
joins hands with geology in furnishing data from which 
the archaeologist finds support and confirmation for the 
theory that man existed on the earth in Pre-Glacial 
times, and certainly earlier than the Drift period. The 
bones of man have so rarely been found embedded in 
rocks or gravel-drift that this kind of evidence of his 
very early appearance is less often met with than might 
have been expected. But just as conclusive of man's 
existence is the presence of any of his works or imple- 
ments."^ 
the coal-bearing rocks in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and other States of the 
Union. In a letter of recent date, from my friend Dr. Frank Cowan, 
of Western Pennsylvania, he says that his own collection contains six 
specimens of air-breathing animals belonging to the Coal series. 
Human remains werQ found by M. M. Tournal associated with 
those of extinct animals, as early as 1820, in a cave in the south of 
France. In 1833, Dr. Schmerling discovered human remains with 
those of extinct animals, and also some rude stone implements were 
discovered in a cave near Liege, in Belgium. An account of the fossil 
man of Denise, comprising the remains of more than one skeleton, 
found near the town of Le-Puy-en-Velay, in Central France, was pub- 
lished in 1844 by M. Aymard. The authenticity of this specimen was 
carefully considered by Lyell in his work, Antiquity of Man (p. 194), 
where he also discusses the subject of the fossil human bones found at 
Natchez, Miss. Portions of a fossilized human skeleton were also 
found in Florida, by 'Count F. de Pourtales, in 1848. Dr. Lund, a 
Swedish naturalist, found human bones in a cave near Minas Geraes, 
Brazil, associated with evidences of great antiquity. All these point 
to a period as early as the Post-Pliocene. 
