92 
toner's address. 
thrust into the wound or bind upon it. Pitcher states 
they used the ordinary puff-ball for arresting hemor- 
rhage, and in epistaxis plugged the nostrils with it and 
with pulverized charcoal. Smith, in his History of 
Virginia, speaks of the inveterate character of ulcers, 
and Dr. Zina Pitcher remarks that those of an indolent 
character were sometimes treated with a salve made of 
fresh ashes and tallow or powdered calamus, and adds 
that the actual cautery was at times used in these cases. 
The Indians treated boils and phlegmonous ulcera- 
tion by scarification and lancing, and by poultices of 
Indian meal, slippery-elm bark, wild onions, etc. The 
Indians of Cape Flattery (see Smithsonian Report for 
1870, p. 79) used a poultice of oysters and fresh fish. 
They made use of the actual cautery and a moxa made 
into a cone from the dried inner bark of the white 
pine. The part of the body selected for the moxa is 
prepared by moistening, the cone is then placed in 
position and ignited, which burning leaves a deep sore. 
This is kept open by removing the scab until relief 
is obtained. It is a favorite practice among these In- 
dians to use external cautery for all internal diseases, 
on the theory that it serves the double purpose of 
blistering and bleeding. 
Beverly (History of Virginia, second edition, 1722, 
pages 186, 187), says that when pain is seated in a 
limb or joint the general cure is by burning. Their 
method of doing this he informs us is by little sticks of 
lighted wood, the coal of which will burn like a hot 
iron ; the sharp point of this they run into the fiesh, 
and having made a sore keep it running till the humor 
be drawn off" They also use the punk or touchwood 
