94 
toner's address. 
health resorted to it, and states that on one occasion 
he bled a dozen women as they were seated on a fallen 
tree, commencing with the first and opening a vein, 
then the second, and so on, three or four bleeding at 
one time. This operation is performed with a sharp 
flint, in the arm, and sometimes in the foot. Next 
to that of bleeding, cupping was a popular remedy, 
and performed in the following manner : Over the 
seat of pain or part to be cupped they would scarify, 
and then place over this a gourd cut off near the end, 
which served as a cup. They half-filled this with com - 
bustible matter, which, burning rapidly, exhausted the 
air, forming a vacuum in the gourd, which, when 
placed on the part, made an admirable cup. Another 
mode of cupping, related by J. C. Beltrami, Dr. Pitcher, 
and others, was as follows : After lacerating the skin 
with a sharpened bone or flint, the large end of a 
buffalo-horn was applied over the incisions. Exhaus- 
tion in this case was produced with the mouth applied 
to the small end of the horn, which was perforated. 
The blood by this method is discharged through the 
mouth of the operator. Carver states that they sharp- 
ened flint-flakes by grinding or whetting them on a 
stone, so as to be quite efficient as a cutting instru- 
ment for scarification. Brickell states that for scari- 
fying the North Carolina Indians used the teeth of 
the rattle-snake from which the poison had been ex- 
tracted. ''Scarification was frequently resorted to," 
says Father Hennepin, ''for the relief of pain and 
swelling, even where cupping was not practiced." 
According to Father Charlevoix, Henry, and others, 
the gout, stone, and apoplexy are unknown among 
