Ill 
PETROLOGY: CLARKE AND WASHINGTON Proc. N. A. S. 
RARER EIvEMENTS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS {Continued) 
1 2 
Iodine 
.OOO.Ox 
. 00x,x 
Bismutli 
.000,00x 
.ooo,'ooo,x 
Tun *''sten 
.000,00x 
.oooioox' 
'pijoriu.ni 
.000,00x 
.ooo!ooo,x 
Columbium, Tantalum 
.OOO.OOx 
.ooo,'ooo,'x 
.000,00x 
.OOO.OOx 
Silver 
.000,00x 
.O00,00u,x 
.000,00x 
.000,000,x 
.000,000,x 
.000,000,0x 
Tellurium 
.000,000,x 
.000,000,0x 
Gold 
.000,000,x 
.000,000,0x 
Thallium 
.000,000,0x 
.000,000,00x 
.000,000,00x 
.000,000,00x 
.000,000,00x 
.000,000,00x 
.000,000,000,x 
.000,000,000,x 
.000,000,000,00x 
1. Clarke and Washington, 1922. 
2. Vogt, 1898. 
ELEMENTS IN THE LITHOSPHERE, HYDROSPHERE, AND ATMOSPHERE 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Oxygen 
47.80 
46.68 
46 .41 
25.71 
26.65 
27.60 
27.58 
7.50 
7.79 
8.05 
8.08 
Iron 
4.68 
4.88 
5.03 
5.08 
Calcium 
3.37 
3.49 
3.63 
3.61 
Sodium. 
2.61 
2.72 
2.72 
2.83 
Potassium 
2.38 
2.48 
2.56 
2.58 
1.94 
2.01 
2.07 
2.09 
Hydrogen 
0.872 
0.497 
0.145 
0.129 
Titanium 
0.648 
0.684 
0.696 
0.720 
Chlorine 
0.228 
0.162 
0.095 
0.096 
Phosphorus 
0.142 
0.150 
0.152 
0.157 
Carbon 
0.139 
0.095 
0.149 
0.051 
Manganese 
0.108 
0.116 
0.116 
0.124 
0.093 
0.086 
0.100 
0.080 
0.075 
0.078 
0.079 
0.081 
0.062 
0.065 
0.066 
0.068 
0.048 
0.050 
0.052 
0.052 
0.038 
0.040 
0.041 
0.041 
0.032 
0.034 
0.034 
0.034 
0.030 
0.030 
0.030 
0.030 
Nickel 
0.030 
0.031 
0.031 
0.031 
Nitrogen 
0.030 
0.016 
o!626 
Cerium, Yttrium 
0.019 
0.020 
0^020 
Copper 
0.010 
0.010 
0.010 
0.010 
0.005 
0.005 
0.005 
0.005 
Zinc 
0.004 
0.004 
0.004 
0.004 
Cobalt 
0.003 
0.003 
0.003 
0.003 
0.002 
0.002 
0.002 
0.002 
Boron 
0.001 
0.001 
0.001 
0.001 
Glucinum 
0.001 
0.001 
0.001 
0.001 
100.000 
100.000 
100.000 
100.000 
1. Average composition. Ten-mile crust, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. 
2. Average composition. Twenty-mile crust, hydrosphere, atmosphere. 
3. Average composition. Ten-mile crust, igneous and sedimentary rocks. 
4. Average composition. Ten-mile crust. Igneous rocks. 
The lithosphere is assumed to be made up as follows: Igneous rocks 
95.00%; shale 4.00%; sandstone 0.75%; limestone 0.25%. 
