THE CRESTED GOSHAWK. 
177 
Length 21 inches^ tail 9'7, wing 16^ tarsus 3'4, bill from gape 1*45. Tlie 
female is rather larger. The second^ thirds fourth^ and fifth primaries are 
emarginated on the outer webs : in this respect it resembles C. melano- 
leucus ; but the young of the two species,, apart from their plumage^ can 
always be separated by their size, C. ceruginosus being a much larger 
bird. 
The Marsh- Harrier is extremely common in all the low-lying plains of 
the province in the winter season^ from September to May. 
It is found^ according to season, in Europe, Africa, and a considerable 
portion of Asia. In winter it visits, as far as Eastern Asia is involved, 
India and Ceylon, the Indo-Burmese countries, China, Cochin China, 
the Malay peninsula and the Philippine Islands. 
Another Harrier (C spilonotus) occurs in Eastern Asia, and may pro- 
bably be found to wander into Burmah. The male is entirely white below, 
with the throat and breast streaked with black. 
The Marsh-Harrier frequents by preference swamps and localities where 
water is abundant; but I have also frequently seen it, late in the hot 
weather, in parched burnt-up grass-plains. Like other Harriers, it 
always flies pretty near the ground, resting at times on clods of earth or 
even on the ground itself. It is said occasionally to remain in India 
throughout the year and to breed there. Its nest is placed on the ground 
near water ; and the eggs, three to six in number, are pale bluish green, 
sometimes marked with pale brown. 
Genus ASTUE, Lace;p, 
555, ASTUR TEIVIRGATUS. 
THE CRESTED GOSHAWK. 
Falco trivirgatus, Temm. PI. Col. 303. Spizaetus rufitinctus, McClell. P. Z, 8. 
1839, p. 153. Astur indicus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 81. Astur 
trivirgatus, Jerd. B. Ind, i. p. 47; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 17; Sharpe, Cat. 
Birds B. Mus. i. p. 105 ; Legge, Birds Ceylon, p. 20 ; Hume, 8. F. viii. p. 81. 
Lophospizia trivirgatus, Hume, Rough Notes, i. p. 116 ; Bl. 8f Wald. B. 
Burm. p. 62 ; Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 355 ; id. 8. F. v. p. 502 ; David et Oust. 
Ois. Chine, p. 22. Lophospizia indica, Hume, 8. F. iii. p. 25 ; id. 8. F. v. p. 8. 
Lophospizia rufitincta, Hume, 8. F. v. p. 124; Hume 8f Dav, 8. F. v. p. 7. 
Astur rufitinctus, Hume, 8. F. yiii. pp. 81, 152 ; Oates, 8. F. x. p. 178. 
Description. — Male and female. Above slaty grey, the upper tail-coverts 
blackish and tipped with white ; head and neck clearer slaty grey, inclu- 
ding a conspicuous occipital crest, the sides of the neck somewhat tinged 
with rufous ; quills browner than the back, primaries with rufescent 
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