162 On the Bhizo;podal Fauna [toumS, sept^riff' 
Nodosarians in their free moniliform growth, but having their tests 
constructed of sand-grains very firmly cemented together, with an 
intermixture of fragments of sponge-spicules, which give a hispid 
character to the surface. — The genus Blidbdammina of Professor 
Sars is based on a species (the B. abyssorum) first obtained in his 
son's dredgings, of which the test is very regularly triradiate, some- 
times quadriradiate, and is composed of sand-grains very regularly 
arranged, and firmly united by a ferruginous cement. Not only 
was this type represented by numerous species in the ' Lightning ' 
dredgings, but another yet more considerable collection was formed 
of irregularly radiating and branching tubes, which are composed 
of an admixture of sand-grains and sponge-spicules, united by 
ferruginous cement. These seem to originate in a "primordial 
chamber " of the same material, which extends itself into a tube 
that afterwards branches indefinitely. This type may be desig- 
nated B. irregularis. — Of the protean genus Lituola (Lamarck), 
a large example was met with, which bears a strong resemblance to 
the L. Soldani of the Sienna Tertiaries. Its nearly cylindrical 
test is composed of sand-grains very loosely aggregated together, 
forming a thick wall ; and its cavity is divided by septa of the same 
material into a succession of chambers, arranged in rectilineal series, 
each having a central orifice prolonged into a short tube. — The 
genus Astrorhiza, instituted a few years ago by Dr. 0. Landahl, 
was represented by a wide range of forms, referable to two prin- 
cipal types, the one an oblate spheroid, with irregular radiating 
prolongations, the other more resembling a stag's horn, with nume- 
rous dentations passing into one another by insensible gradations. 
The composition of the thick arenaceous test is exactly the same as 
that of the test of the Lituola found on the same bottom ; but its 
cavity is undivided, and there is no proper orifice, the pseudopodial 
extensions having apparently found their way out between the sand- 
grains that formed the terminations of the radiating extensions or 
digitations. — The genus Saeeamina (Sars) is characterized by a 
very regular spherical test, built up of large angular sand-grains 
strongly united by ferruginous cement, which are so arranged as to 
form a wall-surface well smoothed ofi" externally, whilst its interior 
is roughened by their angular projections. The cavity is undivided, 
and is furnished with a single orifice, which is surrounded by a 
tubular prolongation of the test, giving to the whole the aspect of 
a globular flask. 
The family Miliolida, consisting of Porcellanous-shelled Fora- 
minifera, was represented at the depth of 530 fathoms by a Cornu- 
sj)ira foliacea of extraordinary size; and at the depth of 650 
fathoms by a series of Biloculinse, of dimensions not elsewhere seen 
except in tropical or subtropical regions. 
Of the family Globigerinida a considerable number of forms 
