184 
LINDSAY, ON LECIDEA LUGUBRIS. 
and protoplasm have always appeared to me pale yellow. In 
the young state the spore is full of a finely granular or 
grumous protoplasm. The granules increase in size^ and 
become aggregated into a distinctly circumscribed^ globular^ 
homogeneous nucleus_, ¥/hich leaves a hyaline margin^ as 
above described^ between itself and the spore-wall. In the 
old state of the spore the nucleus again resolves itself into a 
mass of granules and globules^ filling the whole cavity of the 
spore^ which may also lose its regularly globose form. The 
spores are generally in apposition and ranged^ one imme- 
diately above the other, in linear series in each theca. Until 
they approach maturity, they are, as has been already 
mentioned, glued together, though not very tenaciously. 
Sometimes a smaller number than usual (eight) are developed 
at intervals in the thecal protoplasm, v/hich appears as a 
ribbon- shaped mass stringing together the spores like so 
many beads. The spores never become coated with an indigo 
powder, or with dark granular debris, as in Sphserophoron, 
but remain smooth and pale yellow throughout. They bear a 
certain resemblance, however, to the spores of SplKjerophoron 
coralloides, Pers. (Tulasne, Mem., pi. xv, figs. 4 and 8) and of 
Caliciu7n turbinatum, Pers. (Tulasne, Mem., pi. xv, fig. 15) ; 
but the bluish-black epispore distinguishes those of the former, 
and the brown colour those of the latter, while in both the 
spores are much smaller. 
The spermogones are visible, under a good lens, as minute, 
punctiform warts, — black to the naked eye, but deep brown 
under the microscope. They are sparingly scattered on the 
surface of the thallus in the neighbourhood of the apothecia, 
or more frequently on sterile squamules, there being seldom 
more than two or three on a single squamule, placed at a 
little distance apart. These warts are found, on examination, 
to be papillae pierced by a pore, which is frequently invisible 
even with the aid of a good lens. This pore is generally 
simple and round, but it may be finely stellate. It leads into 
and forms the external opening of the cavity of the sper- 
mogone, the body of which is wholly plunged in the substance 
of the thallus. The spermogone is of a somewhat spherical 
form ; its cavity is simple, and its envelope thickish, and 
formed of roundish or irregular, small, deep brown cellules, 
closely aggregated. It is surrounded by the thickish, white, 
medullary tissue of the thallus, in which it is originally 
developed as a small nucleiform, brownish mass. The ostiole 
or pore, instead of opening in a papilla, sometimes, in the 
old state, is surrounded by a slight depression of the thallus. 
The sterigmata are about x^o o inch long, but they vary 
